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TIQUAR.AN 
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THE 


SPELLING-BOOK: 


CONSISTING     OF 


WORDS  IN  COLUMNS  AND  SENTENCES 


FOB 


ORAL  AND  WRITTEN  EXERCISES  ; 


TOGETHER    WITH 


PREFIXES,  AFFIXES,  AND  IMPORTANT  ROOTS 


©reek  emit  Cat'm  Cangnagea. 


BOSTON. 


H.  CO  WPBBTHWAIT   4   CO. 
1656 


Entered,  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1848,  by 
WILLIAM   D.  SWAN, 

In  th«  ClerVe   Office  of  the   District  Court  of  the  United   States   for   the 
District  of  Massachusetts. 


CITY  OP  ROXBURY. 


IN  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE,  Nov.  1,  1849. 

Ordered,  That  "Swan's  Spelling-Book"  be  introduced  into  the  Schools  of 
this  city,  from  and  after  this  day. 

JOSHUA  SEAVER,  Secretary. 
Copy  from  records. — Attest, 

JOSHUA  SEAVER,  Secretary. 


Extract  from  the  Records  of  the  School  Committee  of  the  City  of  Boston. 

IN  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE,  Mar.  7,  1849. 

Ordered,  That  the  "  Spelling-Book"  of  WILLIAM  D.  SWAN  take  the  place  of 
B.  D.  Emerson's,  subject  to  the  conditions  prescribed  by  the  regulations. 

A  true  copy  from  the  records. — Attest, 

S.  F.  McCLEARY,  Secretary. 


CITY   OF    CINCINNATI. 


COUNCIL  CHAMBER,  ) 

SCHOOL  DEPARTMENT,  March  9,  1850.  J 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  Visitors  of  Common  Schools,  the 
following  resolution  was  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  Swan's  Spelling-Book  be  adopted  as  a  text-book  for  tin 
Common  Schools  of  Cincinnati. 

Signed,  CHAS.  SATTERLY,  City  Cletk 

Per  WM.  LEUTHSTROM. 


Proceedings  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of 

Rochester. 

Resolved,  That  Swan's  Spelling-Book  be  adopted  as  the  text-book  in  ortho. 
graphy  in  our  Public  Schools,  in  the  room  of  Cobb's,  or  others  now  in  use. 
Signed,  R.  D.  JONES,  Superintend 


SCHENECTADY,  N.  Y.,  June  21,  IS.^O. 

1  certify,  that  at  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Public  Schools  of 
ibc  city  of  Schenectady,  held  June  20th,  1850,  at  the  recommendation  of  the 
committee  on  text-books,  Swarf's  Spelling-Book  was  mpmimously  adopted  a* 
•"xt-book  for  spelling  in  the  schools  under  charge  of  the  Trustees. 

D.  M.  CHADSEY,  Secretary. 


PREFACE. 


THIS  work  has  been  compiled  to  furnish  teachers  with 
a  complete  and  systematic  series  of  exercises  in  English 
orthography. 

Experience  has  convinced  the  author  that  the  old  method 
of  requiring  children  to  study  words  in  columns,  arranged 
according  to  their  accent  and  number  of  syllables,  and  to 
spell  them  orally,  without  reducing  the  exercise  to  practice 
by  writing  the  words,  is  a  useless  task,  and  will  never 
accomplish  its  design.  Children  may  be  able  to  spell  words 
correctly  when  pronounced  by  the  teacher;  but,  without 
frequent  practice  in  writing,  they  will  misspell  them  in 
composition.  The  recent  reports  of  school  committees 
upon  this  subject,  bear  testimony  to  the  truth  of  this 
conclusion. 

There  are  great  and  paramount  difficulties  in  learning 
to  spell  correctly  the  English  language  These  difficulties 
arise  principally  from  the  anomalous  and  peculiar  structure 
of  the  language,  —  from  the  variety  of  sounds  given  to  the 


PREFACE. 

, 

several  vowels,  —  from  silent  consonants  in  certain  classes 
of  words,  -and  from  the  similarity  of  sounds  in  syllables 
formed  by  different  combinations  of  letters.  To  obviate 
these  difficulties,  —  to  classify  and  arrange  them  under 
distinct  heads,  that  they  may  be  more  readily  and  easily 
(earned  and  remembered,  —  has  been  the  principal  design 
of  the  author. 

Easy  words,  illustrating  the  simple  sounds  ol  vowels  and 
consonants ;  words  containing  one  or  more  silent  conso- 
nants ;  words  pronounced  alike,  but  differing  in  orthography 
and  signification,  —  have  been  arranged,  into  distinct  classes. 
But  the  great  and  distinguishing  feature  of  the  work  is  the 
arrangement  of  Exercises  for  Writing,  in  connection  with 
the  several  classes.  It  has  often  been  urged,  and  with  good 
reason,  against  the  spelling-books  in  common  use,  that  chil- 
dren are  required  to  learn  to  spell  words,  of  the  meaning 
and  use  of  which  they  have  no  idea.  These  Exercises  for 
Writing  provide  a  remedy  for  this  defect.  Most  of  tho 
words  in  the  columns  occur  in  the  sentences,  and  the  learner 
Is  thus  shown  their  meaning  and  application. 

The  Rules  for  Spelling  and  the  Exceptions  should  be 
thoroughly  committed  to  memory  by  the  learner,  and  fre- 
quent allusion  should  be  made  to  them  by  the  teacher,  by 
questions  like  the  following :  — 

(RULE  I.)  Why  is  the  word  muff  spelled  with  two  /'si 
What  are  the  exceptions  to  Rule  I.  ? 

(RULE  III.)    Why  is  the  word  robber  spelled  with  two 


PREFACE.  5 

(RULE  IV.)  Why  is  the  letter  t  not  doubled  in  spelling 
the  words  cheated  and  limited? 

(RULE  V.)  Why  are  the  words  livelier  and  revelling 
spelled  with  two  /'s? 

(RULE  VI.)  Why  are  the  words  almighty,  albeit,  and 
already  spelled  with  one  I?  What  are  the  exceptions  to 
this  rule? 

Words  containing  syllables  or  terminations,  pronounced 
alike  or  nearly  alike,  but  spelled  differently,  are  arranged  in 
parallel  columns,  which  are  also  followed  by  appropriate  exer- 
cises for  writing.  Much  attention  should  be  bestowed  upon 
these  terminations,  as  they  form  one  of  the  chief  difficulties 
in  spelling.  Take,  for  instance,  the  terminations  eive  and 
ieve,  which  have  both  the  same  sound,  as  in  the  words  re- 
ceive and  believe.  If  the  learner  be  told  that  whenever  the 
letter  c  precedes  the  termination,  it  is  spelled  eive;  but  if 
any  other  consonant  precede,  it  is  spelled  ieve,  he  will  have 
but  little  difficulty  in  spelling  this  class  of  words  in  future ; 
and  so  with  all  the  other  classes  which  have  been  arranged 
and  explained. 

Another  prominent  feature  in  the  work  is  the  introduction 
of  the  Prefixes  and  Affixes,  by  means  of  which  the  meaning 
of  words  is  variously  modified.  There  has  also  been  added, 
for  more  advanced  pupils,  a  large  number  ot  the  important 
Greek  and  Latin  roots,  with  some  of  their  derivatives.  These 
derivatives  form  an  important  class  of  words  for  spelling,  inde- 
pendently of  the  roots,  which  may  be  traced  to  their  origin 
or  not,  according  to  the  age  and  capacity  of  the  pupil. 


O  PREFACE. 

These  Prefixes,  Affixes,  and  Roots,  have  been  compiled 
chiefly  from  McCulloch's  English  Grammar.  The  works  of 
G  aham  SUlivan,  and  others,  have  also  furnished  much  use- 
fj!  -n  *.  for  the  work. 

WILLIAM  D.  SWAN. 
• 
HOSTOM,  November,  1848. 


^         vr    riQf 


1  HE 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


ORTHOGRAPHY. 

Orthography  treats  of  letters,  syllables,  words,  and 
spelling. 

A  letter  is  a  character  used  in  printing,  or  writing, 
to  represent  the  sound  of  the  human  voice  in 
speaking. 

The  English  alphabet  consists  of  twenty-six 
letters. 

There  are  four  kinds  of  letters ;  namely,  Roman, 
Italic,  Old  English,  and  Script. 

The  letters  have  severally  two  forms,  by  which 
they  are  distinguished ;  namely,  capitals  and  small 
letters. 

Capitals  are  used  for  the  sake  of  eminence  and 
distinction.  Small  letters  constitute  the  body  of 
every  work.  —  See  Rules  and  Exercises  for  the  Use  of 
Capitals  page  144. 


8 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


THE  ALPHABET. 


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FIGURES. 
1234567890. 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK.  9 

CLASSES  OF   LETTERS. 

There  are  two  classes  of  letters  —  vowels  and  con- 
tonants. 

A  vowel  represents  a  distinct  sound  of  the  human 
voice.  The  vowels  are  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  and  sometimes 
w,  and  y. 

A  consonant,  though  having  a  peculiar  sound  of  its 
own,  is  used  only  in  connection  with  a  vowel.  The 
consonants  are  b,  c,  d,  f,  g,  h,  j,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  r,  s, 
t,  v,  x,  and  z. 

Wand  y  are  consonants 'when  they  precede  a  vowel 
heard  in  the  same  syllable  ;  in  all  other  cases,  they  are 
vowels. 

A  diphthong  is  two  vowels  joined  in  one  syllable  ;  as, 
ea  in  beat ;  ou  in  sound. 

A  proper  diphthong  is  one  in  which  both  the  vowels 
are  sounded  ;  as,  oi  in  voice. 

An  improper  diphthong  is  one  in  which  only  one  of 
the  vowels  is  sounded ;  as,  oa  in  loaf. 

A  triphthong  is  three  vowels  joined  in  one  syllable  ; 
as,  eaiL  in  beau. 

A  proper  triphthong  is  one  in  which  all  the  vowels 
are  sounded ;  as,  uoy  in  buoy. 

An  improper  triphthong  is  one  in  which   only  one 

or  two  of  the  vowels  are  sounded ;  as,  eau  in  beauty. 

\. 

EXERCISES  ON  THE  CLASSES  OF  LETTERS. 

Show  the  vowels  in  the  words  hat,  dog,  hen,  ox, 
pig,  cat,  sun,  man,  hand,  sell,  give,  time. 

Show  the  consonants  in  spell,  grass,  fire,  hemp 
flax,  corn,  old,  drive,  give. 


10  THE    SFKLLI.NG-BOOK. 

Show  the  diphthongs  in  head,  said,  guess,  JlooJ, 
been,  friend,  young,  blood,  brood. 

Mention  regularly  the  vowels,  diphthongs,  and  con- 
sonants in  the  following  words :  know,  have,  blood, 
drown,  bound,  warm,  sail,  touch,  smell,  hear  see,  hate> 
road,  breath,  health. 


WORDS    AND   SYLLABLES. 

A  word  consists  of  one  or  .more  syllables,  and  is  used 
either  alone  or  in  conjunction  with  other  words,  as  the 
sign  of  some  idea. 

A  primitive  word  is  one  that  is  not  formed  from  any 
simpler  word  in  the  language  ;  as,  harm,  great. 

A  derivative  word  is  one  that  is  formed  from  some 
simpler  word  iri  the  language  ;  as,  harmless,  greatly. 

A  simple  word  is  one  that  is  not  compounded  ;  as, 
book,  man. 

A  compound  word  is  one  that  is  composed  of  two 
or  more  simple  words  ;  as,  bookseller,  watchman. 

Permanent  compounds  are  sometimes  united  into  one ;  as, 
bookseller :  others  aro  formed  by  the  hyphen ;  as,  gloat-house. 

A  syllable  is  one  or  more  letters  pronounced  in  one 
sound,  and  is  either  a  word  or  a  part  of  a  word. 
There  are  as  many  syllables  in  every  word  as  there 
are  distinct  sounds ;  as,  gram-ma-ri-an. 

A  word  of  one  syllable  is  called  a  monosyllable  ;  a 
word  of  two  syllables,  a  dissyllable  ;  a  word  of  three 
syllable,  a  trisyllable,  and  a  word  of  more  than  three 
syllables,  a  polysyllable. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  11 

OF  THE  VOWELS. 

A  has  five  sounds  ;  as  in  hate,  hat,  bar,  balm,  and  baJL 

E  has  three  sounds ;   as  in  toe,  met,  and  her* 

I  has  three  sounds ;  as  in  mind,  thin,  and  birth. 

O  has  five  sounds  ;  as  in  note,  not,  born,  come,  and  tomb. 

U  has  four  sounds  ;  as  in  use,  us,  full,  and  rude. 


OF   THE   CONSONANTS. 

B  has  always  the  same  sound ;  as  in  bad,  crab,  and  sabre. 

C  is  hard  before  a,  o,  and  u ;  as  in  came,  cold,  and  cut : 
and  soft  before  e,  i,  and  y ;  as  in  cell,  cite,  and  cymbal. 

D  has  always  the  same  sound  ;  as  in  dim,  bad,  and  rider. 

F  has  always  the  same  sound;  as  in  fat,  if>  and  swift* 

G  has  two  sounds :  hard,  before  a,  o,  and  u ;  as  in  game, 
got,  and  gun:  and  soft,  before  e,  i,  and  y;  as  in  gcntj 
giant, t  and  gymnastic. 

If  is  aspirated  ;  as  in  herd,  heel,  and  hit :  or  unaspirated ; 
as  in  heir,  herb,  and  honest. 

J  has  the  sound  of  g  soft ;  as  in  jest. 

K  and  Z<  have  always  the  same  sound  ;  as  in  kick,  lately. 

M  is  invariable  ;  as  in  mud  and  mass. 

N  and  P  never  change ;  as  in  not,  pen. 

Q  is  always  followed  by  u,  and  is  sounded  as  in  quake. 

R  is  rough ;  as  in  rob  :  and  smooth  ;  as  in  hair  and  more. 

S  has  two  sounds  :  hard,  as  in  those ;  soft,  as  in  this. 

T  and  V  never  change ;  as  in  tin  and  it ;  vain  and  verb 

W,  when  a  consonant,  never  changes,  but  is  sounded  as 
in  win  and  won. 
.  JThas  three  sounds  ;  as  in  Xenophon,Jix,  and  cits/ 

F,  when  a  consonant,  is  invariable  ;  as  in  you  and  yes  .' 
when  a  vowel,  is  sounded  as  in  day,  key,  and  boy. 

Zi  has  but  oue  sound  ;  as  in  zeal. 

*  Except  in  the  word  of. 

t  With  some  exceptions ;  as  in  giddy,  girl,  and  a  few  others,  which 
have  g  hard. 


THE    SPEI.LING-BOOK. 


VOWEL    SOUNDS. 


THE  VOWEL  A. 

The  long  sound  of  A,  as  heard  in  the  word  HATE,  t*  ex* 
pressed  in  several  ways. 

I.    Before  a  consonant  and  a  jinal  E,  (silent,)  as  in      ^ 


fade 
made 
name 
same 


maid 
paid 
tail 
fail 


bay 
day 
lay 

may 


prey 
they 


age 
cage 
page 
wage 


bake 
cake 
rake 
wake 


2.    By  AI,  as  in  CAIN. 

hail  gain 

sail  main 

aim  pain 

claim  chain 

3     By  AY,  as  in  DAY. 

nay  way 

pay  bray 

ray  gray 

say  pray 

4.    By  EY,  as  in  THEY. 

whey  con-vey' 

o-bey  sur-vey 


late 
mate 
rate 
wave 


stain 
drain 
bait 
wait 


tray 
clay 
slay 
stay 


pur-vey' 


NOTE  TO  TEACHERS.  —  The  learner  should  be  required  to  spell  the 
words  in  columns  orally.  The  exercises  for  writing  should  be 
copied  by  the  learner,  but  at  recitation  the  sentences  should  be  read 
aloud  bj^ftie  teacher,  and  the  learner  should  be  required  to  write 
them  again.  Sentences  not  in  the  book  should  also  be  dictated  by 
the  teacher.  The  pupils  may  then  exchange  slates,  and  review  each 
other's  work. 


THE     SPELLINJ-BOOK.  13 

5.   By  El,  as  in  VEIN. 

veil  deign  weigh  freight 

skein  reign  eight  in-veigh' 

rein  neigh  weight          neigh'-bor 

EXERCISES     FOR    WRITING. 

1.  He  made  a  cage.     I  can  bake  a  cake.     He  has  the 
same  name.     Flowers  fade.     I  can  tell  my  age.     He  and  his 
mate  were  late. 

2.  The  maid  was  paid.     You  will  fail  to  get  bafl.     He 
will  gain  his  claim.     He  will  wait  for  the  bait.     The  chain 
gives  him  pain. 

3.  On  May  day  they  sailed  in  the  bay.     Bricks  are  made 
of  clay.     Stay  /  I  \vill  show  you  the  way.     Nay,  do  not  say 
so.     Lay  the  pay  oa  the  tray. 

4.  They  will  obey  the  teacher.     Birds  convey  their  prey 
to  their  nests.     They  survey  the  scene.     He  is  a  purveyor 
of  whey. 

5.  -Eight  skeins  of  silk  weighed  e^hteen  drachms.     What 
is  the  weight  of  the  veil  ?     It  was  the  reign  of  Henry  the 
C/ghth.     Do  not  inveigh  against  thy  neighbor. 


The  sound  of  A ,  as  heard  in  the  word  FAR. 

card  dark  far  cart 

hard  park  scar  part 

yard  barn  star  smart 

The  sound  of  A,  as  heard  in  the  word  ALL. 

ball  tall  saw  scald 

call  wall  law  aught 

fall  .    paw  claw  caught 

hall  raw  warm  wa-ter 

2 


14  THE      SPELLING-BOOK. 

Th*  sound  of  A,  as  heard  in  the  word  HAT. 

glad  black  can  shall 

bad  bag  lap  have 

had  nag  hat  lamp 

cat  back  mat  map 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

It  is  dark  in  the  park.  His  part  is  hard.  The  card  is 
in  the  yard  near  the  barn.  The  star  is  far  off. 

The  ball  is  on  the  wall.  The  cat  caught  the  raw  meat 
with  her  claws.  Call  the  man.  He  is  in  the  hall.  The 
dog  licks  his  paw. 

I  am  glad  he  is  not  so  bad  a  lad.  The  cat  sat  in  his 
lap.  The  hat  is  on  the  mat.  He  puts  tKe  rags  in  a  black 
bag.  She  shall  have  a  new  lamp. 


THE  VOWEL  E. 

The  long  sound  of  E,  as  heard  in  the  word  BE,  is  expressed 
in  various  ways. 

1.  As  ajinal,  as  in  BE,  HE,  ME,  WE. 

2.  By  EAJinal,  as  in  SEA,  LEA,  PEA,  TEA,  FLEA. 

3.  Before  a  consonant  and  ajinal  E,  (silent ;)  as  in 

these  ex-treme'       im-pede'          scene 

theme  se-rene  com-plete        here 

su-preme'      con-vene       sin-cere  mete 

4.    By  EE,  as  in  BLEED 

feed  meek  sleep  beer 

seed  feel  sheep  den 

reed  seem  street  qn< 

beef  seen  be-tween'  es-teem' 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


bead 
read 
leaf 
sheaf 


chief 
thief 
brief 
grief 


5.  By  EA,  as  in  MEAL 

reach  dream 

speak  stream 

weak  mean 

deal  bean 

6.  By  IE,  as  in  FIELD. 

siege  yield 

liege  mien 


shriek 
field 


bier 
pier 


7.  By  El,  as  in  CONCEIT. 

con-ceive'  pcr-ceive'       re-ceipt' 

de-ceive  con-ceit         ceil'-ing 

re-ceive  de-ceit            seize 


heap 
dear 
fear 
heat 


piece 
niece 
be-lieve 
re-lieve 


nei'-ther 

ei-ther 

in-vei'-gle 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

1,  2,  3.  He  told  me  the  tea  was  made.  We  are  near  th« 
eea.  We  were  bitten  by  a  flea.  This  is  a  poor  pica.  H« 
completed  his  theme.  The  scene  was  extremely  grand.  B« 
sincere.  • 

4  A  deer  has  nimble  feet.  The  beer  made  him  feel  sleepy. 
The  sheep  were  asleep.  Sow  the  seed.  Cut  the  beef.  It 
seems  good. 

5.  I  hear  he  leaped  over  a  heap  of  leaves.  Reach  me  that 
peach.  He  is  too  weak  to  speak.  He  reads  a  great  deal. 
Do  you  mean  to  seal  the  note. 

C.  I  believe  it  was  chiefly  done  to  reh'cve  the  besieged.  We 
heard  p/ercing  shn'eks  on  the  pier.  The  thieves  yielded.  To 
be  brief,  his  altered  mien  showed  his  gn'ef. 

7.  I  cannot  conceive  such  deceit.  He  seized  the  receipt 
and  tore  it  in  pieces.  Neither  deceive  nor  inveigle  your 
friend.  This  conce/ted  man  received  a  letter. 


THK     SPELLING-BOOK. 

The  short  sound  of  E,  as  heard  in  MHT. 

bed               hem                hen  when 

sell                then                tell  went 

ten                help                well  deck 

pen               men                met  ivd 

ITie  same  sound  is  expressed  in  many  words  by  EA,  as  in 

SPREAD. 


bread 
spread 
thread 

dead 
head 
tread 

breath 
death 
threat 

health 
wealth 
stealth 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

I  can  sell  ten  pens  for  ten  cents.  Help  the  men  to  feed 
the  hens.  Tell  me  if  you  are  well.  I  met  him  when  I  went 
to  see  you. 

The  bread  is  as  heavy  as  lead.  Tread  softly.  He  held 
his  breath.  My  head  aches. 


THE   VOWEL    7. 

The  long  sound  of  I,  as  heard  in  the  word  MINE,  is  ex- 
pressed in  various  ways. 

I.  Before  a  consonant  and  E  Jinal,  as  in 

nice               dine               pine  hire 

price              fine                 crime  rise 

rice                line                like  hive 

slice              mine              smile  prize 

2.    Before  LD,  ND,  or  GHT,  as  in 

child             find                fight  bright 

mild              mind              light  sight 

wild              kind               might  tight 

bind              blind              right  night 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

3.  By  IE,  as  in 

die  vie  lie  cries 

pie  tie  spies  flies 

4.  By  UI,  as  in 

guile  *          dis-guise'       guide  buy 

5.    By  Y,  final,  preceded  by  a  c<  nsonant,  as  in 

by  sky  sly  try 

shy  fly  cry  wry 

thy  ply  dry  pry 

why  my  fry  spy 

6.    By  YE,  final,  as  in  BYE,  EYE,  RYE. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

1.  We  dine  at  nine.      A  nice  kite.     Commit   no   crime. 
Smile  again.     It  looks  like  a  pine-tree.     He  has  a  nice  slice 
of  rice  cake. 

2.  The  bright  light  hurt  the  child's  sight.     The  blind  child 
was  left  behind.     He  lights  with  all  his  might.     Mind  you 
bind  it  tight. 

3.  The  bird  flies.     Lie  down.     Tie  the  string.     They  vie 
with  each  other.     He  cried  out.     Cut  the  pie.     The  bird 
cries  as  she  flies. 

4.  My  gttide  was   without  g?/ile,  though  disguised. 
some  pens. 

5.  They  fly  by  night.     Why  is  thy  brother  so  shy  ?     I 
my  trade  under  the  open  sky.     Try  not  to  cry.     Dry  your 
eyes.     Good  by.     Why  is  the  fox  so  shy  ?     I  will  try  to  apy 
him  with  my  glass. 


•  Except  build. 
2* 


J8  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

The  short  sound  of  I,  as  heard  in  the  word  IT. 

hid  iill  him  bit 

lul  still  swim  nit 

bid  null  brim  fit 

fig  pill  give  sit 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Give  him  this  fig.     He  hid  the  lid.     Bid  him  sit  still.     Do 
you  swim  in  this  river.     Pick  up  this  stick. 


THE  VOWEL  0. 

TJie  long  sound  ofO}as  heard  in  the  word  So,  is  expressed  in 

various  ways, 

1.  As  ajinal*  as  in 


80 

no 

car-go 

sago 

go 

wo 

vol-ca'-no 

al-so 

lo 

cal'-i-co 

so'lo 

dit-to 

2.  Bejore  a  consonant 

and  E,\jmcL\ 

at  in 

globe 

in-voke' 

hope 

chose 

robe 

whole 

rope 

rose 

mode 

con-dole' 

bore 

vote 

ex-plode' 

a-tone 

de-pi  ore 

re-mote 

3.  By  OE^Jinal,  as  in  DOE,  FOE,  SLOE  To*. 

4.  By  OA,  as  in  OAR. 

load  re-proacn'  shoal  soap 

toad  ap-proach  foam  roar 

loaf  oak  roam  boat 

coach  coal  loan  goat 

By  OU,  as  in  SOUL,  MOURN,  FOURTH,  MOULD,  Couii&a 

*  Except  do,  who,  lo,  two,  loo. 

t  Except  some,  come,  none,  done,  one,  whose,  lose,  alovj,  dove,  love,  *»< 
glove,  move,  prove. 
\  Except  canoe,  thoe. 


5. 


THE     «l'ELHNG-BOOK. 

6.    By  CW,/na/,  as  trt 


bow 

grow 

mow 

row 

el'-bow 

crow 

know 

sow 

wid-ow 

low 

swal'-lov 

tow 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITIN3, 

1.  No,  I  will  not  go  so  far.     The  ship  bad  a  cargo  at 
calico.     He  also  played  a  solo.     Lo  1  the  volcanj- 

2.  Send  home  the  robe.     The  whole  globe.     I  alone  dfs 
plore  him.     He  chose  to  disclose  the  secret. 

3.  4.   A  bitter  foe.     A   sleek  doe.      There  is  a  load  of 
loaves  in  the  coach.     The  toad  is  by  the  oak.  The  coals 
are  in  the  boat.     The  oar  floats.     The  roaring  lion  foams 
with  rage. 

5,  6.  He  mowmed  in  his  soul.  He  went  through  his 
fourth  course.  The  wido?0  pushed  her  elbow  through  the 
window.  He  killed  a  swallow  with  his  bow  and  arrow.  Sow 
the  seed.  Mow  the  grass.  TOM  the  ship. 


t 


The  sound  of  O,  as  heard  in  NOT. 

trod  lost  strong  stop 

sod  box  lock  trot 

dog  fox  hot  horse 

pond  John  soft  shop 


The  sound  of  O  and  OO,  as  in  MOVE  ana*  FOOD 

move  roof  soon  root 

prove  fool  stoop  boot 

food  stool  hoop  goose 

mood  room  loop  loose 


20  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  dog  is  on  the  box.  lie  lost  his  socks.  John  is  a 
strong  man.  The  lock  is  hot.  The  horse  trod  on  the  dog. 
The  fox  is  in  the  box. 

I  can  prove  that  I  move.  He  soon  left  the  room.  A  fool- 
ish boy  got  on  the  roof.  The  bush  has  a  root.  He  lost  his 
boot  in  (he  pool.  Stoop  down  and  reach  the  stool. 


THE  VOWEL   U. 

The  long  sound  of\J,as  heard  in  the  word  CUBE,  is  various- 
ly expressed. 

1.    Before  a  consonant  and  ajinal  E,  (silent,)  as  in 

cube  re-buke7        cure  use 

huge  mule  sure  a-muse7 

duke  tune  tube  re-duce 

2.   By  UE,  final,  as  in 

res7-cue        sub-due7        hue      ;       con-tin'-ue 
due  arx-gue          va!7-ue          vir7-tue 

3.   By  EW,  05  in 

dew  hew  new  yew 

few  mew  pew  cur7-few 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

1.  The  dttke  was   amwsed.      Be  swre  to  wse  the  mule 
kindly.     He  was  mute.     Play  a  time. 

2.  Subdwc  your  passions.      Continue  to  do  good.     The 
money  is  due.     The  value  of  the  house  was  paid. 

3.  They  will  hew  down  a  few  yew  trees  to  make  a  new 
pa*.     See  the  dew  on  the  grass.     Cats  mew 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


21 


hull 

full 
pull 


tub 
rut 
mud 
snuff 


The  sound  of  U,  as  in  FULL. 

bush  pul'-pit 

push  ful-fil' 

put  butch'-er 


pud'-ding 


The  sound  of  U,  as  in  TUB. 

stuck  cup  mug 

dull  suds  jug 

hum  us  rut 

gun  nut  shut 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

1.  The  butcher  drove  the  bull.     He  pushed  through  the 
bashes.     Put  SMgar  in  the  padding.     The  room  is  full. 

2.  A  warm  rug.     A  tub  full  of  swds.     Bees  httm.     He 
rwbbed  off  the  sm/ff.     The  cwp  fell  in  the  mud.     You  mwst 
irwst  us  with  the 


SILENT    LETTERS 


jamb 
iamb 
limb 
chim6 
clim6 

dumft 
num& 
crum6 
plum6 
thum6 

bom& 
dou&t 
debt 
de6tx-or 


re-douftt7 
suc-cumft 
hec'-a-tomft 
iu-deit'-ed 


C. 

in-diet'         in-dictx-ment      victuals       czar 

I). 

hand'-some  Verfnes'-day          hand'-ker-chief 


TIIK    SPELLING-BOOK 


G. 

sign 

deign               gnash 

de-si^n' 

feign                gnat 

en'-sign 

reign                grnaw 

as-sign' 

ar-raign'          phlegm 

con-dign 

cam-paign       bagn'-io 

for'-eign 

par'-a-digm      poign  -an  t 

con-sign' 

con-sign-ee/     seign-ior 

gTiO'-mon 

ap'-o-thegrn     im-pugn' 

pro-pugn' 

im-pregn 

di'-a-phra/jrn 

sov-er-eigrn 

con-si^n'-mcnt 

se-rag-1-io 

Grnos'-tics 

gnarled 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

B.  The  jamft  was  made  of  marble.     The  lam&  bleats. 
His  lim&s  are  num&.     They  climft  the  hill.     Com6  your  hair. 
The  tomi  was  opened.     Do  not  thumfe  your  books.     The 
bom&   burst.      He  was   dumft,  and  opened   not  his  mouth. 
The  de&t  was  paid,  and  the  debtor  was  released.     A  subtle 
fellow.     Every  dou&t  was  removed.     The  redoubt  was  taken. 
He  was  obliged  to  succumfe. 

C.  He  was  indicted   for  robbery.      Wholesome  victuals 
The  czar  was  cruel.     The  indictment  was  read. 


D.    She  was  handsome, 
handkerchief  was  found. 


Wednesday  was  stormy.     The 


G.  The  ensign  signed  the  paper.  The  design  was  frus- 
trated. The  criminal  was  condemned  to  condign  punish- 
ment. He  assigned  his  property.  The  merchant  consigned 
his  goods.  A  benign  countenance.  He  deigned  not  to  fei^pn. 
In  the  reign  of  the  late  sovereign.  He  was  arraigned  before 
the  council.  He  gnashed  with  his  teeth.  His  opinions  were 
impugned.  Rats  gnaw  holes.  6rnats  bite.  He  affirmed  it 
with  phlegm.  A  gnarled  oak.  He  made  out  his  consign* 
ment.  Seraglio,  the  palace  of  the  Turkish  Sultan.  G'nn- 
mon,  the  pin  of  a  dial.  (7nostics,  one  of  the  earliest  sects  in 
the  Christian  church.  Diaphragm,  a  term  used  in  anatomy. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  23 

GH 

freight  fright  neigA'-bor  drougAt 

eight  might  plough  bought 

weight  night  wrigAt  brought 

light  Plight  aught  sought 

de-ligAt  right  thought  fought  t 

bli^At  sigAt  caught  wrought 

bright  slight  fraught  faugh' -ter 

fight  sight  naught  be-sougAt' 

bight  neigh  taught  fur'-lougA 

sleigh  dougA  slaugh'-ter  iri-veigA' 

EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

GH.  The  ship  arrived  in  eigAt  days,  freighted  with  sugar. 
The  weight  of  the  coffee.  A  bright  sun.  Blighted  hopes 
Dogs  delight  to  fight.  He  was  in  a  great  frigAt.  The  right 
path.  Hold  tigAt.  A  sligAt  wound.  Have  you  augAt  to  say  ? 
What  have  you  caugAt  ?  You  ougAt  to  have  taught  him. 
NougAt  so  tedious.  He  bougAt  two  knives.  He  brougAt  the 
book.  They  fougAt  hard.  He  wrou^At  ten  hours.  The 
sleigA  was  upset.  He  inveigAed  against  his  nei^Abor.  The 
farmer  plougAs  his  field.  The  soldier  had  a  furlougA.  The 
dougA  was  unbaked. 


H. 


Aerb 

Aeir 

Aour 

Aeir'-ess 

Aon- or 

.ton-est 

Aum-ble 

An-mol 

Aerb-age 


Aos'-pi-tal 

rAap'-so-dy 

Aumrble-bee 

myrrA 

rAet-o-ric 

hem-or-rAage 

rAyme 

rAe-tor'i-cal 

dis-Aa-biile' 

tAyme 

rAi-noc'-e-ros 

a-gAast' 

gAost 

rAeu-ma-tism 

ca-tarrA 

rA^um 

rAu-barb 

ca-tar-r/tal 

RAine 

gAer-kin 

shep'-herd 

gAast-'ly 

Aon-or-a-ble 

shep-Aerd-ess 

gAost-ly 

Au-mor-ous 

Au-mor-some 

THE    SPELLl^J-BOOK. 
EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING 

II.  Some  herbs  are  medicinal.  He  was  7/eir  to  a  large 
estate.  A  rich  Aeiress.  He  went  to  the  hospital.  The 
hour  had  come.  Honor  and  Aonesty  are  united.  He  was 
an  honest,  good-Aumored  fellow.  Animals  crop  the  Aerbage, 
MyrrA  is  a  bitter  Aerb.  He  was  exhorted  to  persevere  in  the 
Ftudy  of  rhetoric.  The  shepAerd  was  stung  by  an  Aumble- 
bee.  He  suffered  from  the  catarr/i.  His  body  was  exAumed. 
He  stood  agAast. 

K. 

knack  knell  /mob  Arnowl'-edge 

Aaiave  Arnight  Amow  Aniap-sack 

Arnee  Arnit  knew  ac-fcnowl'-edge 

Arnead  Arnife  known  fore-Arnowl'-edge 

Anieel  knot  knock  ArnightMiood 


CH. 

dracAm          yacAt  schism  scAis'-mat-ic 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

K.  He  has  a  Arnack  at  rhyme.  The  &nave  was  compelled 
to  bow  the  &nee.  The  cook  Arneaded  the  dough.  The 
psalmist  Arneeled  on  his  A:nees.  The  knell  was  heard.  The 
Arnight  was  in  full  armor.  Stockings  are  font.  The  Arnife 
was  broken  in  a  knot.  The  Arnob  was  made  of  glass.  He 
£new  the  visitor  by  his  Arnock.  The  man  was  well  Arnown. 
A  Arnuckle  of  veal.  JSCnowledge  is  power.  The  soldier'* 
Arnapsack  was  lost.  He  acArnowledged  the  gift. 

CH.  Sixteen  drachms  make  an  ounce.  The  yar//t  had 
sailed.  The  church  was  rent  in  scAisms.  He  was  scAismat- 
ical. 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


alms  calf  ba/k  could 

halm  hatf  ca/k  wou/d 

pa/rn  calve  chalk  should 

psalm  halve  stalk  ha/'-sers 

qualm  salve  talk  so/d-er 

a/'-moiid  be-ha/f  wa/k  fo/ks 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

L.  He  asked  for  afais.  A  ba/my  breeze.  The  pa/in  of 
the  hand.  Ca/rn  your  mind.  Sing  a  psa/m.  A  qua/m  of 
conscience.  Bitter  a/monds.  Kill  a  calf.  Give  me  ha/f  of 
an  apple.  The  sa/ve  cured  the  wound.  He  spoke  in  his 
beha/f.  He  caught  a  sa/naon.  A  sta/k  of  grass.  The  folks 
are  coming.  A  cha/k  cliff.  Take  a  wa/k.  Tighten  the  ha/* 
§ers.  He  soldered  the  vessel. 


hymn 
kilu 


P. 

psalm  prompt  re-ceipt'  sump'-tu-ous 

psal'mist       tempt  ex-empt  sunipt-u-a-ry 

psal-ter         emp7-ty  symp'-tom       per-emp-to-ry 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

N.  The  hymn  was  sung.  The  bricks  were  burned  in  a 
kiltt.  The  criminal  was  condemned.  The  column  was 
raised.  Auturcw  teaches  a  solem/7  lesson. 

P.  The  psalmist  composed  a  psalm-  He  was  prompt  in 
the  discharge  of  his  duty.  He  was  tempted  to  sin.  The 
cask  was  empty.  The  receipt  exempted  him  from  payment. 
The  symptoms  were  unfavorable.  He  fared  sumptuously* 
Sumptuary  laws. 

9 


con-demn' 
con-tenm 

N. 

sol'-enm 
au-tumw 

colMimn 
limn 

2G 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


isle 


SOUS 


s. 

inland 


vis 'count 


T. 

chast'-en 
hasten 
christ-en 

soft'-en 
oft-en 
fast-en 

e-pis'-tle 
gris'-tle 
whis-tle 

glisten 
listen 
moisten 

cas-tle 
bus-tie 
jos-tle 

this-  tie 
a-pos'-tle 
pes'-tle 

guard 

guess 

guest 

gzfide 

guile 

guilt 

built 

build 


buy 

quay 

quote 

con'quer 

doq-uet 

cir-c?nt 

buy-er 

bis-cuit 


U. 

g;/inx-ea 

liquor 

qinn-tal 


quo-ta 


rus-de 

nes-/le 

mortgage 

chris£-mas 

ra-gou^ 


co-quvtte' 

be-gnile 

dis-guise 

et-i-q?/ette/ 

guar-an-ty 

mas-quer-ade 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

S.    He  gave  him  a  sous  to  carry  him  over  to  the  island. 

T.  Chasten  thy  son.  Hasten  to  be  wise.  The  child  was 
christened.  The  gold  glistened.  Listen  to  instruction. 
The  leaves  were  moistened.  The  fire  softened  the  iron. 
The  cord  was  fastened.  The  casfle  was  taken.  The  bus/le 
was  great.  They  jostled  each  other.  He  wrote  an  epis/ie. 
The  sound  of  the  whistle  was  heard.  Thistles  grow  in 
meadows.  Paul,  the  apostle.  The  farm  was  mortgaged. 

U.  Gttard  against  guilt.  No  g?/ile  was  found  in  his 
mouth.  The  merchant  bwilt  a  qway.  James  b?/ys  some 
biscuits.  He  conqwered  the  enemy.  He  travelled  the  cir- 
c?/it  in  disgz/ise.  The  drunkard  bowght  some  liq?/or  for  a 
guinea.  As  there  was  not  a  quorum,  the  house  adjourned. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


27 


A  quintal  of  fish.  The  lady  played  on  the  gwitar.  The 
coqz/ette  frequented  nightly  masquerades.  The  performance 
was  guarantied. 

W. 


wrap 
?0rath 
wran'-gle 
wreak 

wrench 
?#,rest 
wretch 
write 

faring 
wrung 
wrong 
wrin'-kle 

wretch'-ed 
an-swer 
tow-ards 
south-ward 

wreath 
wreck 

wright 
wrist 

writ-ten 
wres-tle 

wri-ting 

wren 
whole 

wry 
who 

whoop 

knowl'-edge 
whole-some 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

W.  PFrap  up.  It  is  ?0rong  to  wrangle.  He  ?^reaked  his 
vengeance.  The  victor  was  crowned  with  a  wreath.  His 
wrath  was  kindled.  The  cruel  boy  wrung  the  wren's  neck. 
The  wretch  was  wrecked.  His  faith  made  him  whole.  The 
boy  hurt  his  wrist.  A  ?0rinkled  forehead.  Knowledge  is 
power.  An  answer  was  given.  The  letter  will  be  written. 
Wholesome  food.  The  sword  was  broken. 


SOUNDS     OF    LETTERS. 


cAaise 

cAam-paign' 
cAasx-se-las 
cAi-canex 


CH  sounded  like  SH. 


cAa-grinx 
cAa-mois 
cAarMa-tan 
cAev-er-il 


cAiv'-al-ry 
cAev-a-lier7 
cAan-de-Her 
cAi-ca'-ne-ry 


cAa-made' 
deb-au-cAee 
soii-cAong7 
ma-cAine' 


28  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  cAaise  was  broken.  CAasselas,  a  kind  of  grape, 
The  cAamade  was  sounded.  He  was  cAagrined.  The  car- 
penter invented  a  macAine.  A  glass  cAandelier.  CAamois, 
a  kind  of  goat. 

In    the  following   words ,   derived  from   tlw.   Greek    CH    « 
sounded  like  K. 

cAa'-os  cAo'-ral  CArist'-mas  cAa-me'-le-on 

cAasm  cAol-er  cAron-ic  cAar'-ac-ter 

cAoir  cAo-rus  cAor-is-ter  CAris'-tian 

cAord  CArist  cAron-i-cle  cAro^iol'-o-gy 


CH,  Jinal,  is  also  soundal  like  K,  in  the  following  words. 

headx-acAe        dis7-ticA  locA  mor 

li-lacA  he-mis7-ticA  epx-ocA  te-trarcA 

stom-acA          concA 

CH,  in  ARCH,  iff  hen   compounded  with  the  following  words 
derived  from  the  Greek,  is  also  sounded  like  K. 

arcA-anx-gel  arcAx-i-tect     arcAM-trave      ar'-cAives 

arcA-i-peP-a-go 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  cAameleon  is  always  changing.  At  CAristmas,  the 
cAoir  sing  a  tAorus.  Restrain  your  cAoler.  Common  cAro- 
nology  dates  from  the  birth  of  CArist.  The  cAronicle  say? 
the  CAristians  leaped  into  the  cAasm.  CAoral  harmony  A 
cAronic  disease. 

A  lilacA  gives  me  the  headacAe.  The  monarcA  wrote  his 
disticA.  A  hemisticA  is  half  a  verse.  The  tetrarcA  ruled 
from  this  epocA.  He  put  the  concA  to  his  ear. 


THE     SPELLiNG-iiOOK. 


Of, 

*-  J 


CH,  in  ARCH,  compounded  with  the  following  words  from  tin 
French  and  Saxon,  has  the  CH  sounded  like  TSII. 

arcA-bishx-op       arcA-fiendx      arcA-deax-con     arcA-duke 


CH,  initial,  sounded  like  TSII. 

cAalx-ice 
cAan-cel 

cAamx-pi-on    cAar'-i-ty 
cAance             cAarm 

cAerx-up 
cAest-nut 

cAan-cel-lor 

cAan^dler 

cAase 

cAess 

cAap-el 
cAest 
chafe 

cAange 
cAan^nel 
cAant 

cAaste 
cAas-tise; 
cAat 

chief 
cAim'-ney 
cAine 

cAair 
cAalMenge 
«;Aam-ber 
cAamp 
cAaff 

cAapx-lain 
cAap-let 
cAarge 
cAar^i-ot 
cAest 

cAeat 
cAeek 
cAeer 
cAerx-ish 
cAin 

cAisx-el 
cAoice 
cAoose 
cAei^-ry 
cAurch 

cAalk 

cAickxren 

cAink 

cAarl 

cAeap 
eAeese 

cAide 
cAild 

cAip 
cAoke 

cAurn 
c/?,ocx-o-late 

cAew 

cAill 

cAop 

cAer-nb 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  chancellor  was  in  the  cAapel.  He  held  a  cAalice  in 
one  hand  and  a  cAart  in  the  other.  The  cAaplain  looked 
towards  the  cAancel.  The  cAampion  cAallenged  the  court. 
He  sat  in  his  cAariot  cAafing  his  hands.  The  cAief  took  the 
cAain  and  entered  his  cAamber.  He  took  a  cAair  and  read  a 
cAapter  which  cAarmed  him.  The  cAandler  gave  him  f  Aange. 
What  do  you  cAarge  for  your  cAerriest  During  the  cAase 
he  cAanced  to  fall.  Some  were  cAatting,  others  were  playing 
cAess  in  the  cAimney  corner.  The  master  cAastised  the  boy? 
and  cAecked  their  pride.  He  cAiselled  the  bark  of  the  cAest- 
nut  tree.  I  admire  your  cAoice.  The  cAicken  is  not  so 
as  the  cAe«se.  Fill  the  cAest  with  f  Aaff.  She  tAid  the 


30 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


c/iild  for  chewing  cAips.  It  was  chilly  when  wo  left  the 
church.  The  cAild  was  as  fair  as  a  cherub.  Give  him  some 
chocolate. 

,<ffc  ***       * 
G,  hard,  before  E,  I,  and  Y. 


gird 

*/ 

gear 

au'-g-er 

gib'-bous 

girl 

g-eese 

bog-gy 

gid-dy 

girt 

get 

fog-g-y 

gim-let 

gift 

target 

ea-ger 

lin-ger 

gig 

an-ger 

mea-gre 

drug-gist 

gild 

dag-g-er 

dreg-gy 

hun-ger 

gills 

rag-g-ed 

gir-dle 

for-g-et' 

gimp 

stag-g-er 

ti-ger 

for-give 

give 

swag-g-er 

fin-g-er 

to-geth-er 

EXERCISES     FOR    WRITING. 


on  your  armor.  The  girl  received  a  gift.  A  fish 
has  gills.  Give  me  a  gig.  He  was  in  anger.  His  finger 
was  cut  with  a  dagger.  A  gimlet  is  a  small  auger.  lit 
was  eager  to  see  a  druggist.  The  moon  was  gibbous. 
He  was  giddy. 


pArase 

phlegm 

pAe'riix 

pAeas-ant 

pAren-sy 

i{>ropA-et 

pAa-lanx 

el-e-j^Aant 

ser-a^pAim 


PH  sounded  like  F. 

em'-pAa-sis       so^^-ism 
sym-pAo-ny      sqpA-ist 
a-posx-tro^pAe  ser-ap/i 


sphere 

lympA 

cam^Aor 

pam-^Alet 

^Aan-tom 

or-j^Aan 


ci-pAer 

tri-umpA 

blas-joAe-my 

epA-od 

phys-lc 

tro-pAy 


eu-pAo-ny 

pha-e-ton 

al-j^Aa-bet 

at-mos-pAere 

par-a-joArase 

met-a-pAor 

ca-tasx-tro-joAe 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


Thou  speakest  in  a  better  pArase.    He  spoke  with  pAlegm. 
The  physic  was  good.     The  pAenix  arose  from   its  ashes. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


31 


The  peasant  was  caught.  He  was  in  a  phrensy.  The 
prophet^  was  inspired.  The  pAalanx  was  irresistible.  The 
*  elephant  was  taken.  The  emphasis  was  misplaced.  He 
wrote  his  own  epita^A.  He  spoke  blaspAerny.  The  atmos- 
phere is  light.  The  catastrqpAe  was  awful.  It  was  written 
in  cipher.  He  wrote  a  parapArase.  A  pAaeton  is  a  kind  of 
carriage.  He  enjoyed  a  triumpA.  An  epAod  is  a  garment, 
which  was  anciently  worn  by  priests.  The  seraph  spoke. 
Natural  philosophy  teaches  the  laws  of  nature.  Euphony  an 
agreeable  sound. 


ear-act' 

ear-alt 

ear-haust 

ear-hort 

ear-ernpt 

ea>ert 


X  sounded  like  GZ. 

ea:-ist7 

ear-ult 

ea>am7-me 

ear-am-ple 

ear-ot-ic 


eff-as'-per-ate 
ear-or-bi-tant 
ea;-ec-u-tive 
ea>ec-u-tor 
ear-cc-u-trix 
ea/-em-pla-ry    ea;-em-pli-fy 


ea>u7-ber-ant 

lua:-u-ri-ant 

hi2>u-ri-ous 

aua;-il-iar-y 

ear-on-er-ate 


X  sounded  like  KS 


ea^-it 

ear-treme7 

ear-press7 

e^-pi-ate 

ea^-tant 

ear-eel 

ear-  tend 

ear-qui-site 

ear-tract 

ear-cept 

ear-pose 

liLr-u-ry 

ear-change 

ea;-cess 

ear-cise7 

ear-tatx-ic 

ear-plain 

ear-  pec  t 

ea,-pound 

ear-hib-it 

ea>tol 

ear-pel 

ea^-e-cute 

ear-cheq-uer 

ear-ceed 

ear-pert 

ea:-er-cise 

ear-claim7 

ea-*-ciade 

ear-clu^sive 

ear-clu7-sioii 

ear-ciir7-sion 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  whole  amount  was  exacted.  He  that  ezalteth  himself 
shall  be  abased.  The  funds  were  exhausted.  The  boy  waa 
exhorted  to  obedience.  The  wounded  soldier  was  exempt 
from  duty.  He  exerted  all  his  powers  It  is  natural  for 
man  to  exult  at  his  success.  An  exotic  plant.  John's  conduct 
was  very  exemplary.  Many  were  exasperated.  The  servant 


3 \A  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

demanded  exorbitant  wages.  The  executive  power  is  vested 
in  the  governor.  He  was  an  executor  of  a  will. .  Exuber- 
ant fertility.  The  boy  was  exonerated  from  all  blame 

He  made  his  exit.  Only  a  part  of  Livy  is  now  extant. 
An  extract  from  Caesar.  He  made  an  exchange.  He  o/- 
plained  his  meaning.  The  scholar  was  extolled.  Kincr 
Solomon  ecceeded  all  the  kings  in  riches.  He  was  excluded 
from  the  house.  James  excels  in  philosophy.  Lawyers 
expound  the  law.  Exchequer,  an  ancient  court  in  Eng- 
land. The  criminal  expiated  his  crimes  on  the  gallows. 


WORDS  PRONOUNCED  ALIKE,  BUT  DIP- 
FERING  IN  ORTHOGRAPHY  AND  SIGNI- 
FICATION. 


ail,  to  fed  pain. 

ale,  a  kind  of  drink. 

air,  the  atmosphere. 

heir,  one  who  inherits. 

ere,  before. 

e'er,  ever. 

all,  the  whole. 

awl,  a  sharp  instrument. 

al-tar,  a  place  for  sacrifice. 

al-ter,  to  change. 

aunt,  a  relation. 

ant,  a  small  insect. 

as-sent7,  agreement. 

as-cent,  steepness. 


aught,  any  thing. 
ought,  obliged  by  duty. 
arc,  part  of  a  circle. 
ark,  a  vessel  built  by  Noah 
a-loud',  with  a  lond  voice. 
al-lowed,  did  allow. 
aisle,  a  passage  in  a  church. 
isle,  an  island. 
au'-ger,  an  instrument. 
au-gur,  one  who  foretells. 
an-ker,  a  liquid  measure. 
an-chor,  of  a  vessel. 
adds,  increases. 
adze,  a  kind  of  axe. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


33 


EXERCISES    FOR   WRITING. 

A.  What  ails  you  ?  Three  different  ales.  The  cold  car. 
An  heir  to  an  estate.  If  e'er  it  happen.  Ere  you  go.  A 
shoemaker's  awl.  All  his  goods.  The  ascent  of  a  hill.  F 
gave  my  assent.  If  aught  prevent  us.  You  ought  to  go. 
The  aisle  of  a  church.  The  isle  of  Wight.  Alter  the  shape. 
A  church  altar.  The  arc  of  a  circle.  Noah's  ark  My 
aunt  found  an  awf's  nest.  Read  aloud.  You  will  be  allowed 
to  play.  The  carpenter  lost  his  auger.  The  augur  foretold 
the  event.  The  ship  was  held  by  the  anchor.  The  anker 
was  well  filled.  The  miser  adds  to  his  property.  The 
cooper's  adze. 


bad,  iU. 
bade,  did  bid. 
bail,  surety. 
bale;  a  pared. 
ball,  a  round  substance. 
bawl,  to  cry  o«£. 
bear,  an  animal. 
bare,  without  covering. 
bark,  £Ae  nno*  0/"  a  free, 
barque,  a  small  vessel, 
base,  w/Ie. 

bass,  a  part  in  music. 
bay,  apart  of  the  sea. 
bey,  a  Turkish  officer. 
bell,  a  sounding  vesseL 
belle,  a  jfoic  young  lady. 


be,  to  er/s* 

bee,  an  insect. 

beach,  the  shore. 

beech,  a  kind  of  tret 

beat,  to  strike. 

beet,  a  root. 

ber'-ry,  a  small  fruit. 

bu-ry,  to  iVzter. 

blew,  aYa*  blow. 

blue,  a  co/or. 

bough,  a  branch. 

bow,  an  acf  of  reverence 

bourn,  a  limit. 

borne,  carried. 

bread,  a  kind  of  food 

bred,  educated. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

B.    He  bade  the  bad  boy  reform.      A  bale  of  goods.      Out 

on  bail.     Throw  the  ball.      Do  not  bawl  so  loud.      Polar 

bear.     Bare  feet.     The  barque  has  sailed.     The  bark  of  a 

'j-ee.      The  man  sings  the  bass.     A  bast   act.     The  icy 

3 


34 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


sailed  on  the  bay.  Bury  the  berry  in  the  garden.  The 
wind  blew  the  blue  flag.  The  bottgh  of  a  tree.  Make  a  bow. 
Beat  the  carpet.  Sugar  is  made  of  beet-root.  Bake  the 
bread.  'Well-bred  children.  Be  quiet.  The  bee  stings. 
Buy  some  fish.  Sit  by  me.  The  beech  tree  never  grows  on 
the  beach.  The  belle  of  the  village.  Ring  the  bell.  Jlo 
was  borne  away.  The  bourn  from  which  no  traveller  re- 
turns, 


C. 


can -non,  a  great  gun. 
can-on,  a  rule,  or  law. 
cel-lar,  a  vault. 
sell-er,  one  who  sells. 
ces-sion,  a  giving  up. 
ses-sion,  a  sitting. 
col-lar,  for  the  neck. 
chol-er,  anger. 
coarse,  notjine. 
course,  way,  direction. 
creak,  to  make  a  noise. 
creek,  a  small  inlet. 
ceil'-ing,  a  covering. 
seal-ing,  setting  a  seal.' 
clause,  part  of  a  sentence. 
claws,  the  nails  of  animals. 
cite,  to  tummon. 


sight,  the  act  of  seeing. 
site,  situation. 
climb,  to  mount. 
clime,  climate. 
cruise,  to  sail  up  and  down. 
crews,  ships'*  company. 
cyg'-net,  a  young  swan. 
sig^net,  a  seal. 
eom'-pli-ment,  expression  of 

civility. 

com-ple-ment,  full  number 
coun'-cil,  an  assembly. 
coun-sel,  advice. 
cru-el,  barbarous. 
crew-el,  worsted. 
cous-in,  a  relation. 


coz-en,  to  cheat. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

C.  The  canons  of  the  church.  Fire  the  cannons.  Thb 
seller  of  rags  lived  in  a  cellar.  A  session  of  parliament 
The  cession  of  a  province.  His  choler  rose.  The  collar  of  a 
coat.  The  traveller  pursued  his  course.  He  bought  coarse 
cloth.  The  door  creaks.  The  coast  has  many  creeks.  He 
used  sealing-wax.  The  ceiling  of  a  room.  Eagle's  claws. 
A  clause  in  a  will.  I  had  a  sight  of  the  site  for  the  house 


THE    SPELUNO-BOOK. 


35 


Fie  cited  him  to  appear.  His  cousin  tried  to  cozen  us.  Dur- 
ing tlie  cruise,  the  crews  mutinied.  A  cygnet  can  swim. 
A  signet  ring.  Give  my  compliments.  A  full  complement 
of  men.  Climb  the  tree.  Eastern  climes.  The  council 
adjourned.  His  counsel  was  followed.  His  acts  were  cruel 
The  lady  worked  on  crewel. 


D. 


dear,  beloved,  costly. 

deer,  an  animal. 

due,  owing. 

dew,  vapor. 

done,  performed. 

dun,  brown  color. 

deign,  to  condescend. 

Dane,  a  native  of  Denmark. 


die,  to  expire 

dye,  color. 

doe,  a  female  deer. 

dough,  unbaked  paste. 

dost,  £/*07*  doe st. 

dust,Jine  earth. 

draft,  a  bill  of  exchange. 

draught,  of  water. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

D.  My  dear  son.  He  shot  a  deer.  Well  done.  It  was 
baked  to  a  dun  color.  The  money  is  due.  The  dew  is  on 
the  grass.  Bake  the  dough.  Doc,  an  animal.  A  draft  on 
a  banker.  A  draught  of  water.  Dost  thou  know  that  he 
was  covered  with  dust  1  I  fear  he  will  die.  Dye  the  cloth. 


F. 


feat,  an  exploit. 
feet,  the  plural  of  foot. 
faint,  languid. 
feint,  a  pretence. 


fair,  handsome. 
flew,  cfaW  Jfy. 
flue,  a  pipe. 
flour,  ffroun  I  wheat 


flow'-er,  the  blossom  of  a 

plant. 

fore,  in  front. 
four,  in  number. 
fowl,  a  6/rrf. 
foul,  Jilt  hy. 
flea,  an  insect. 
flee,  #o  run  az0<zy. 


36 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

F.  lie  perfoimed  a  feat  by  jumping  three  feet.  He  made 
a  feint  of  being  faint.  Coarse  fare.  A  fair  lady.  The, 
bird  flcio  up  the  flue  of  the  chimney.  Flour  is  made  of 
wheat.  Flowers  are  fragrant.  The  wagon  has  four  wheels. 
The  fore  wheels  were  broken.  Carve  the  fowl.  Foul 
weather.  Flee  away  and  be  at  rest.  A  flea  bit  the  dog. 


G. 


grate,  made  of  bars. 

great,  large. 

guilt,  crime. 

gilt,  adorned  with  gold. 

gait,  manner  of  walking. 

gate,  door,  or  entrance. 

grease,  melted  fat. 


Greece,  a  country. 
groan,  to  sigh. 
grown,  increased. 
guessed,  conjectured. 
guest,  one  entertained  in  a 
house. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

G.  An  iron  gate.  A  shuffling  gait.  The  fire  grate  in 
the  great  room.  The  prisoners  guilt.  A  gilt  frame.  The 
history  of  Greece.  Soap  is  sometimes  made  of  grease.  A 
deep  groan.  The  tree  is  grown.  I  guessed  he  was  your 


H. 


hair,  of  the  head. 
hare,  an  animal. 
hall,  a  large  ream. 
haul,  to  pull,  or  drag. 
hart,  an  animal. 
heart,  the  seat  of  life. 
hale,  of  sound  health. 
\&\\,  frozen  rain. 
heal,  to  cure. 
heel,  part  of  the  foot 
hear,  to  hearken. 
here,  tn  f  A«  place. 


higher,  more 
hire,  wages. 
him,  objective  of  lie. 
hymn,  a  divine  song. 
hole,  a  cavity. 
whole,  all,  the  entire 
hoop,  to  bind. 
whoop,  a  shout. 
hoard,  to  amass. 
horde,  a  wandering  tribe 
hour,  sixty  minutes 
our,  belonging  to  u* 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


37 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

II.  He  caught  a  hare.  His  hair  was  white.  Haul  the 
net.  He  is  in  the  hall.  Can  he  heal  a  wound  on  the  heel? 
He  works  for  hire.  A  higher  wall.  Tell  him  to  sing  a 
hymn.  The  whole  day.  Dig  a  hole.  A  hale,  hearty  man 
A  hail  storm.  A  hart  darted  into  the  heart  of  the  forest. 
He  hoards  his  money.  Hordes  of  barbarians.  Come  Aere, 
Do  you  hear  1  Stay  an  hour  in  our  house. 


I. 


indict,  to  accuse. 
indite,  to  compose. 


inn,  a  hotel. 
in,  within. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


I.    In  great  haste  he  arrived  at  the  inn.     He  .was  indicted. 
He  can  indite  a  poem. 


key,/br  a  lock. 
quay,  a  wharf. 
knead,  to  work  dough. 
need,  want. 
knave,  a  rogue. 
nave,  apart  of  a  wheel. 
kill,  to  deprive  of  life. 
kiln,  a  large  stove. 


K. 


knew,  did  know. 
new,  novel,  fresh. 
knight,  a  title  of  honor. 
night,  time  of  darkness. 
knot,  a  tie,  a  difficulty. 
not,  a  word  of  denial. 
know,  to  understand 
no,  not  any. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

K.  I  lost  a  key  walking  on  the  quay.  They  will  kill  him. 
A  brick  kiln.  You  need  not  knead  the  dough.  The  knave 
broke  the  nave  of  the  wheel.  Do  you  know  him?  No,  sir 
I  knew  it  A  new  coat.  He  could  not  untie  the  knot 


33 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


lain,  past  participle  of  lie. 
lane,  a  narrow  path. 
lead,  a  kind  of  metal. 
led,  conducted. 
leak,  to  run  out. 
leek,  a  kind  of  onion. 
lief,  willingly. 
leaf,  of  a  tret. 


liar,  one  who  tells  lies. 
lyre,  a  harp. 
lo,  behold. 
low,  not  high. 
loan,  any  thing  lent. 
lone,  solitary,  alone. 
lessen,  to  make  less. 
lesson,  a  task. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

L.    The  horse  had  lain  down  in  the  lane.     He  was  led  by 
mines.      The   vessel    leaks.      Leeks   grow   in   the 


the  lead  mines.  The 
garden.  I  would  as  lief  as  not.  A  willow  leaf. 
a  liar.  Strike  the  lyre.  Lo,  how  low  he  descends ! 
man.  Loan  him  a  hat.  I  will  lessen  his  ksson. 


He  is 
A  lone 


M. 


made,  finished. 
maid,  a  girl,  or  maiden. 
male,  the  masculine  kind. 
mail,  a  bag  for  letters. 
mane,  the  hair  on  the  neck  of 

a  horse. 

main,  strength,  force. 
mar'-shal,    the   highest   rank 

in  an  army. 
mar-tial,  warlike. 
mead,  meadow. 
meed,  praise. 
meat,  food. 

meet,  to  come  tog  *ther 
mean,  low. 


mien,  air,  look. 
maize,  Indian  corn. 
maze,  an  intricate  place. 
might,  strength. 
mite,  any  small  thing. 
moan,  to  lament. 
mown,  cut  down. 
more,  in  quantity. 
mow'-er,  one  who  mows. 
mule,  an  animal. 
mewl,  lo  cry  as  a  child. 
mi'-ner,  one  who  digs. 
mi-nor,  under  age. 
mare,  a  female  horse. 
may'-or,  chief  magistrate 


T1IK    SPELLING-BOOK. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

M  The  maid  made  the  tart.  A  maiV-coach  with  two 
male  passengers.  The  mane  of  a  horse.  With  all  his  might 
and  main.  The  marshal  had  a  martial  look.  The  flowery 
mead.  His  meed  of  praise.  Carve  thejneat.  Where  shall 
I  meet  you  ?  I  might  have  come.  The  widow's  mite.  I 
heard  him  moan.  The  grass  is  mown.  What  do  you  mean  ? 
A  noble  mien.  The  mower  mowed  more  grass.  The  mayor 
rode  a  white  mare.  Minors  are. not  of  age.  Miners  work 
in  mines* 


nay  not  so. 


N. 


I     neigh,  the  voice  of  a  hortt. 


oar,  to  row  with. 
ore,  a  mineral. 
o'er,  for  over. 
one,  in  number. 


O. 


won,  did  win. 

ode,  a  poem,  or  song. 

owed,  was  indebted. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

N.    Horses  neigh.     Do  not  say  nay. 

O.    He  lost  his  oar  rowing  o'er  the  lake.      Copper  ore. 
Recite  the  ode.     He  owed  money.     They  won  one  battle. 


P. 


pail,  a  wooden  vessel. 

pale,  white. 

pane,  a  square  of  glass. 

pain,  suffering. 

pair,  a  couple. 

pare,  to  cut  thinly 

pear,  a  fruit. 

peak,  the  top 


pique,  a  grudge. 
peer,  a/i  e^wa/,  a  nobleman 
pier,  ^os/  <?/"  a  bridge. 
place,  locality. 
plaice,  a  kind  of  fish. 
plane,  a  tool. 
plain,  smooth,  level. 
pole,  a  long  staf. 


THE    IPELL1NO-BOOK. 


poll,  the  head. 

paws,  feet  of  animals. 

pause,  a  stop. 

peal,  a  loud  sound. 

peel,  rind,  or  skin. 

pray,  to  beseech.      % 

prey,  booty. 

profit,  gain. 

prophet,  one  who  foretells. 

plum,  a  kind  of  fruit. 


plumb,  a  leaden  weight. 
pore,  small  passage. 
pour,  to  empty  out  liquor. 
peace,  quiet,  rest. 
piece,  a  portion. 
please,  to  give  pleasure. 
pleas,  pleadings. 
plait,  to  fold. 
plate,  a  dish. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WHITING. 

P.  A  pak  face.  A  pail  of  milk.  Acute  pain.  A  pane 
of  glass.  You  cannot  pare  a  pear  with  a  pair  of  scissors. 
The  peak  of  Teneriffe.  They  pique  themselves  on  this.  A 
British  peer  built  a  pier.  Taste  this  plaice.  A  pretty  place. 
A  plain  statement.  A  carpenter's  plane.  A  peal  of  bells 
Orange  peel.  He  prays  daily  A  bird  of  prey.  He  de- 
served praise.  Profit  by  good  adv;ce.  A  false  prophet.  He 
pours  out  water.  The  pores  of  the  body.  A  piece  of  cloth. 
First  in  war  and  peace.  A  silver  plate.  She  plaits  the  lir  »n 
finely. 

R, 


rain,  water  from  the  clouds. 
reign,  to  rule. 
rein,  part  of  a  bridle. 
raise,  to  lift  up. 
*rays,  beams  of  light. 
raze,  to  level  with  the  ground. 
rite,  ceremony. 
right,  just. 
wright,  a  workman. 
write,  to  make  letters. 
ring,  a  circle. 
wring,  to  twist. 
tap,  to  strike 


wrap,  to  roll  together. 

rye,  a  kind  of  grain. 

wry,  crooked. 

roe,  the  eggs  of  a  Jish. 

row,  a  linet  a  rank. 

rung,  did  ring. 

wrung,  twisted. 

rough,  not. smooth. 

ruff,  an  article  of  dress 

read,  did  read. 

red,  a  color. 

reek,  smoke,  vapor. 

wreak,  to  execute  vengeance 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


41 


roar,  to  make  a  loud  noise. 
row'-er,  one  who  rows. 


rote,  frequent  repetition  of 

words. 
Vrote,  did  write 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

1  R.  The  rain  fell.  Hold  the  rein  tight.  The  reign  of 
terror.  The  sun's  rays.  Raise  him  gently.  They  in- 
tended to  raze  the  city.  The  rights  of  freemen.  The  rites 
of  the  church.  The  boy  learned  his  lesson  by  rvte,  and  then 
wrote  a  copy.  A  gold  ring.  They  wring  their  hands.  A 
rap  at  the  door.  Wrap  yourself  up.  A  field  of  rye.  Wry 
faces.  The  boy  read  too  fast.  He  had  a  red  nose.  Rough 
stones.  A  lace  ruff.  The  rower  was  frightened  at  the  roar 
of  the  sea. 

S. 

seen,  beheld. 

scene,  a  view. 

sew,  to  use  a  needle.  . 

sow,  to  scatter. 

so,  thus,  in  this  manner. 

sleight,  dexterity. 

slight,  trivial ,  small. 


soul,  the  spirit. 
sole,  the  bottom  of  the. foot. 
steal,  to  take  by  theft. 
steel,  hardened  iron. 
stare,  to  look  with  wonder. 


stair,  a  step. 

see,  to  behold. 

sea,  the  ocean. 

stake,  a  post. 

steak,  a  slice  of  meat. 

straight,  right,  direct. 

strait,  a  narrow  passage. 

stile,  steps. 

style,  manner  of  writing. 

some,  part  of  any  whole 

sum,  the  amount. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

S  Have  you  seen  him?  A  beautiful  scene.  Sow  the  seed 
Sew  the  linen  so.  Sleight  of  hand.  A  slight  hurt.  Do  not 
steal.  A  steel  knife.  The  lowest  stair.  Do  not  stare. 
Give  me  some  idea  of  the  sum  total.  Jump  over  the  stilt. 
A  style  of  writing.  The  sole  of  his  shoe.  The  soul  of  a 
good  man.  See  the  blue  sea.  A  beef-steak.  The  stake  was 
made  of  word.  A  straight  line.  The  strait  of  Magellan. 
4* 


42 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


T. 


tacks,  small  nails. 
lax,  a  rate. 
tale,  a  story. 
tail,  the  extremity. 
tear,  water  from  the  eye. 
tier,  a  row,  a  rank. 
team,  a  yoke  of  oxen. 
teem,  to  produce. 
their,  belonging  to  them. 
there,  in  that  place. 
threw,  did  throw. 
through,  from  one  end  to  the 
other. 


: 


toe,  part  of  the  foot. 
tow,  coarse  part  of  Jlax. 
time,  measure  of  duration. 
thyme,  a  kind  of  plant. 
to,  unto,  towards. 
too,  also,  overmuch. 
two,  twice  one. 
tide,  rising  and  fatting  of 

the  sea. 
tied,  bound. 
tare,  a  weed,  an  allowance  in 

weight. 
tear,  to  rend. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

T.  Give  me  two  tacks.  The  income  tax.  A  sad  tale. 
The  tail  of  a  horse.  He  shed  a  tear.  The  upper  tier  of 
boxes.  A  team  of  oxen.  The  villages  teem  with  inhabit- 
ants. They  left  their  carriage  there.  He  threw  himself 
down,  and  slept  through  the  night.  The  tide  rose.  His 
hands  were  tied.  We  are  too  late.  Two  apples.  Come  to 
me.  He,  tears  his  clothes  in  pulling  up  the  tares.  The 
thyme  grows  in  a  short  time.  He  put  a  piece  cf  tow  cloth 
over  his  toe. 


V. 


vain,  empty,  false. 
vane,  a  weathercock. 
vein,  a  blood-vessel. 


vale,  a  valley. 
veil,  covering. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


V.   The  physician  opened  a  vein.     He  was  a  vain 
The  vane  points  south.     A  silk  veil.     The  vale  of  Temp6 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  43 

w. 


wane,  to  grow  less, 
wood,  forest. 
would,  past  tense  of  will, 
wade,  to  walk  in  the  water 
weighed,  did  weigh. 


way,  road,  cou.  >j. 
weigh,  to  try  the  weight, 
weak,  feeble. 
week,    the   space   of   seven 

days. 
wain   a  wagon. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

W.  Weigh  the  goods.  Come  this  way.  I  felt  weak  last 
week.  They  wade  across  the  stream.  They  weighed  the 
gold.  He  would  go  into  a  wood. 


RULES    FOR    SPELLING. 


RULE  I.     Monosyllables  ending  with  F,  L,  or  S,  preceded 
by  a  single  vowel,  double  the  Jinal  consonant ;  as, 

muff  pass  bliss  fell 

mass  puss  spell  puff 

mill  miss  wall  grass 

staff  guess  toll  gross 

Exceptions. 

his  has  us  this 

was  as  thus  if 

is  gas  yes  of 

• 
RULE  II      Monosyllables  ending  with  any  other  consonan 

but  F,  L,  or  S,  do  not  double  the  final  consonant ;  as, 

bib  kid  mud  dim 

fib  bid  big  skim 

glib  did  rig  slim 

nib  hid  dig  trim 

Exceptions. 

butt  add  odd  err 

buzz  elb  egg  purr 


44 


THE    IPELLING-BOOE. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Tie  went  to  mill  with  a  stajT.  He  pushed  the  ski/ with  a 
sli/  pole  near  the  cYif.  The  ta//  gras5.  He  plays  chess. 
Light  the  gas.  He  lays  stress  on  his  ski//.  Sell  the  scroll 

A  man  can  di^  in  the  mud.     A  bi^  kid. 

RULE  III.  Monosyllables  and  roots  ending  with  an  accented 
consonant  preceded  by  a  single  vowel,  double  the  last  con- 
sonant in  their  derivatives. 


chat 

cha/'-fing 

crag 

crag^-g-y 

stab 

stafr-fang 

smut 

smutty 

rob 

rob-ber. 

run 

run-ner 

sob 

sob-bing 

sin 

sin-ning 

rub 

nib-b'mg 

in 

in-yer  . 

bed 

bed-ding 

whiz 

v^hiz-zing 

trod 

trod-den 

be-gin7 

be-giw/-;?er 

bud 

bud-ding 

de-bar 

de-barred 

lag 

lagg-ed 

de-mur 

de-mur-ring 

rag 

ragged 

en-rol 

en-ro//ed 

brag 

brag*-gurt 

con-trol 

con-tro/-/ing 

beg 

beggar 

ex-tol 

ex-to/-/ing 

big 

big'-g'er 

a-bet 

a-be/-/or 

hem 

hem-mi  ng 

be-fit 

be-fi/-/ing 

Bwim 

swiw-mer 

ad-mit 

ad-mi/-/ed 

hum 

hummed 

sub-mit 

sub-mi/-/ing 

drum 

drum^mer 

ac-quit 

ac-qui/-/ing 

sum 

summed 

per-mit 

per-mi/-/ing 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  begg'ar  was  staged  by  the  robber.  The  little  drum 
mer  sat  in  the  inner  room  so66ing.  Some  one  running  had 
trodden  on  his  toe.  The  big-^er  boy  hid  the  India  ru&6er 
between  the  bedding.  An  arrow  whizzed  by  them  as  they 
fat  chafing.  The  ra^ed  boy  was  humming.  Though  only 
a  beginner,  he  will  make  a  good  swimmer.  She  penni/fed 
*h»  thild  to  go  on  hemming.  At  first  the  man  demurred,  but 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  45 

soon  admitted  him,  whe~n  he  heard  of  the  acquitfal  of  his 
friend.  A  craggy  path  overgrown  with  budding  flowers 
lie  behaved  in  a  befitting  manner,  submitting  to  his  superiors. 
He  was  debarred  the  privilege.  The  braggart  exto//ed  him- 
self. The  men  were  enro//ed. 


RULE  IV. 
the    last 

If  a  diphthong  precede  the  Jinal  consonant,  or 
syllable   be   not  accented,  the  consonant  remain* 

single. 

cheat 

chea/'-ed 

lim'-it 

lim'-iJ-ed 

beam 

bea'W-ing 

ben'-e-fit 

ben'-e-fiMng 

beat 

bea£~en 

in-her'-it 

in-her'-i/-ance 

drain 

drained 

rea'-son 

rea'-so?i-er 

heap 

heaped 

vis-it 

vis-i£-ing 

join 

joi/t-er 

beg-gar 

beg-ga?*ed 

maim 

maimed 

mur-mtir 

mur-mur-ing 

rail 

r  aiZ-ing 

big-ot 

big-o/-ed 

toil 

toi/ed 

prof-it 

prof-i/-ed 

steam  ' 

steam-er 

suf-fer 

suf-fer-er 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  sufferers  submitted  without  murmuring.  The  crew 
of  the  steamer  toi/ed  the  whole  night.  Not  profiling  by  ad- 
vice, he  remained  bigoted  to  his  own  opinion,  and  was  soon 
beggared.  The  joiner  fell  from  the  rai/ing  and  was  mai;/zed. 
He  was  cheated  out  of  his  inheritance.  He  is  visaing  his 
friends  and  benefiting  by  the  change.  The  carpets  were 
beaten  and  heaped  up  together.  The  reasoner  limited  his 
remarks.  His  face  beawed.  lie  drained  the  cup. 

RULE  V.  Words  of  two  or  three  syllables  ending  in  I., 
though  not  accented  on  the  last  syllable,  double  the  final 
L  in  their  derivatives. 


e'-qual 
ri-val 
mar-shal 

un-e/-qua//ed 
ri7-va/-/ing 
mar-shaWed 

li'-bel 
rev-el 
can-eel 

rt-v-eWinir 

ean-ce/ 
9  *  "  ^ 


46 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


par'-cel 

mod-el 

cud-gel 

trav-el 

grav-el 


par'-ceZZed 
mod-eZZed 
cud-geZZed 
trav-eZZed 
grav-eZZed 

dn'-el             du'-eZ-/ist 
dish-evx-el    dish-ev'-e/Ze'l 
gam'-bol       gam'-bo/-/ing 
pen-cil          pen-ciZZed 
eu-am'-el      en-am'-eZZed 

EXEPCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  troops  were  rmrshaZZed  in  order.  DisheveZZed  liair. 
The  problem  was  solved  by  canceZZing.  He  had  traveZZcd 
over  enameZZed  meadows.  The  sculptor  is  mode//ing  a 
figure.  He  penciled  some  remarks.  The  walk  was  grav- 
e/Zed. The  due//ist  \\belled  the  traveller.  Unequa//ed  cour- 
age. The  children  gamboZZing  on  the  green.  The  land  waa 
parceZZed  out. 


RULE    VI.      Words    ending   in    LL    lose  one   L   when    com- 
pounded, and  also  in   their  derivatives  formed  by  adding 


NESS,  LESS,  FUL,  Or  LY, 


aZ-be'-it 
aZ-migh-ty 
aZ'-so 
beZ-man 

although' 

gos-peZ 
skiZ-fuZ 

beZ-fry 
we  Z-  fare 

wiZ-fuZ 
hand-fuZ 

duZ-ness 

mouth-fuZ 

fuZ-ness 

book-fuZ 

skiZ-Zess 

nee-dle-fuZ 

aZ-read'-y 
aZ-to-geth'-er 

use-fuZ 
aZ-most 

aZ7-ways 

with-aZ7 

ful-fiZ 

un-tiZ 

squaZ7-Zy 

hiZ-Zy 

chiZ-Zy 

fuZ-Zy 

stiZ-Zy 

droZ-Zy 


iW7-ness 
taZZ-ne.ss 


Exceptions. 

stiZZMiess 
smaZZ-ness 


shriZZ'-ness 
chiZZ-ness 


THE    SPELLVNG-BOOK.  47 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  handfuZ  of  nuts.  A  needlefuZ  of  thread.  AZthough 
youthfuZ,  he  is  already  usefuZ,  and  promises  to  be  skiZfuZ.  I 
am  fully  prepared  to  fuZfiZ  my  promise.  The  beZman  stood 
in  the  beZfry.  It  is  aZways  chiZZy  in  this  hiZZy  country 
The  smaZZness  of  the  house.  The  duZness  of  the  weather. 
Stay  untiZ  the  wiZful  man  returns.  SquaZZy  weather.  The, 
house  is  aZtogether  hidden  by  the  taZZness  of  the  trees,  fu/- 
ness  of  hope. 

RULE  VII.  Roots  ending  in  silent  E  omit  this  E  in.  their 
derivatives  formed  by  ABLE,*  IBLE,  iNG,t  ISH,  Y,  ANCE, 
and  AL. 


cure 

cu'-ra-ble 

pre-cede7  pre-ce'-ding 

blame 

bla-ma-ble 

ride 

ri'-ding 

sense 

sen-si-ble 

lodge 

lod-ging 

force 

for-ci-ble 

take 

ta-king 

rec'-on-cile 

rec-on-cix-la-ble 

like 

li-king 

im-ag'-ine 

im-ag^in-a-ble 

come 

com-ing 

de-cline 

de-cli-na-ble 

pine 

pi-ning 

corn-pare 

conV-pa-ra-ble 

slave 

sla-vish 

ad-mire 

ad-mi-ra-ble 

pale 

pa-lish 

de-sire 

de-si'-ra-ble 

swine 

swi-nish 

de-pi  ore 

de-plo-ra-ble 

white 

whi-tish 

ex-cuse 

ex-cu-sa-ble 

ice 

i-cy 

con-ceive 

con-cei-va-ble 

i-dle 

i-dly 

con-vince 

con-vin-cing 

guide 

gui-dance 

trade 

trax-ding 

bride 

bri^dai 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING.    • 

The  most  admirable  plan  imaginable.     A  deplorable 
An  incurable  complaint.    The  roguish  fellow  took  lodging  in 
the  most  desirable  street.      His  conduct  is  not  only  blamablct 

*  Exceptions.   Peaceable,  serviceable,  changeable,  chargeable,  move- 
able. 

t  Exception*.     Singeing,  swingeing,  hoeing,  and  shoeing. 


4b  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

but  inexcusable.  As  we  were  riding  out  on  the  preceding 
day,  we  saw  some  incomparable  scenery.  This  sensible  man. 
Forcible  and  convincing  arguments.  A  thievish  man.  Icy 
cold.  A  good  contrivance.  At  your  disposal. 

RULE  VIII.     Roots  ending  in  silent  E  retain  the  E  in  their 
derivatives,  formed  by  LESS,  NESS,  LY,  FUL,  MKNT. 


life 

lifeMess 

like           like/-ness 

force 

force-less 

rude          rude-ness 

shame 

shame-less 

pale           pale-ness 

name 

name-less 

i'-dle          i'-dle-ness 

shape 

shape-less 

base           base/-ness 

care 

care-less 

hoarse       hoarse-ness 

tame 

tame-ly 

peace         peace-ful 

home 

home-ly 

wake         wake-ful 

base 

base-ly 

care           care-ful 

mere 

mere-ly 

spite          spite-ful 

wise 

wise-ly 

shame       shame-ful 

late 

late-ly 

waste        waste-ful 

en-tice7               en-tice/-ment 

ad-vance            ad-varice-ment 

man'-age            man'-age-ment 

en-gage7             en-gage'-ment 

in-duce              in-duce-ment 

en-cour'-age      en-cour'-age-ment 

Exceptions. 

due,  du'-ly ;    true,  tru'-ly ;    whole,  wholMy ;    awe, 
ul ;  judge,  judgement ;  a-bridge7,  a-bridg'-ment 
ac-knowP-edge,  ac-knowF-edg-ment. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

His  idleness  and  rudenrss  are  shameful.  He  has  wisely 
resolved  to  give  no  encouragement  to  such  shameless  conduct. 
This  careless  management  has  ruined  him.  We  lately  re- 
marked \\\*  paleness.  He  had  barely  risen  when  he  fell  life- 


THE    afKLLlNO-BOOK.  49 


lest.  It  was  merely  a  likeness.  Be  careful,  or  your  hoarse" 
IH*S  will  return.  A  forceless  argument.  A  spiteful  story. 
A  wakeful  bird. 

RULE  IX.  iVoi/ws  having  other  ending  than  F,  H,  O,  S,  X, 
or  Y  preceded  by  a  consonant,  form  their  plurals  by  add* 
ing  S. 


mobs 

beaks 

farms 

blows 

heads 
beds 

specks 
kicks 

beams     . 
doors 

eels 
firs 

lids 

corks 

streets 

bars 

floods 

coals 

roots 

COWJ 

RILE  X.    Nouns  ending  in  a  silent  E  form  their  plurals  by 

adding  S. 


babes 
bribes 
fa'-ces 

jud'-ges 
jokes 
dukes 

canes 
stones 
shoes 

chee'-ses 
mu-ses 
brutes 

pla-ces 
guides 
brid'-ges 

ap'-ples 
flames 
names 

hopes 
hares 
toes 

cave* 
hives 

side* 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Three  bags  of  beans.  Two  casks  of  cork?.  The  mobs 
stole  many  things  from  the  shops  —  hams,  coals,  eggs,  &G. 
The  horse's  kicks  broke  his  legs.  The  birds  had  specks  on 
their  beaks  and  heads.  The  eels  slipped  through  the  bars 
There  were  forms  in  the  halls.  The  men  used  their  saws 
to  open  their  trunks. 

The  judges  went  over  the  bridges.     The  judges  stopped 

at  several  places.     The  babes  were  in  cradles.     The  mule* 

were  laden  with  apples.    He  sent  me  some  dates  and  cheese* . 

Many  brutes  live  in  caves.     There  were  manv 

ty 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


RULE  XI.    Nouns  ending  in 

CH  soft,  SH, 

SS,  or  O  7>r* 

ceded  by  a. 

consonant,  form 

their  plurals  by 

adding  ES. 

peach'-es 

mch'-es 

porch'-c<? 

scratch'-*.* 

coach-*9 

bunch-es 

church-e5 

wretch-c* 

branch-^ 

march-es 

match-es 

crutch-*5 

bench-es 

perch-es 

batch-^5 

pouch-** 

dash-es 

hash-es 

dish-c« 

bush-e* 

gash-es 

sash-es 

wish-e5 

brush-^5 

class-es 

hiss-es 

truss-r5 

godx-dcss-e5 

glass-es 

loss-es 

cross-^s 

coiiiH-ess-^3 

tax-es 

lynx-es 

fox-e5 

in-dcx-es 

sex-cs 

box-es 

pha'-lanx-^ 

cru'-ci-fix-cj 

por'-ti-cocs 

he-ro^ 

po-ta'-toe5 

mot'-toes 

car'-goes 

ne-groe5 

mu-lat-toe5 

bra-voes 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

They  carried  torches  in  their  marches.  The  churches 
were  decorated  with  branches.  Three  bunches  of  matches. 
Benches  were  under  the  porches.  The  trenches  were  four 
perches  long.  Flashes  of  lightning.  The  rattling  of  sashes. 
None  of  the  parishes  complied  with  his  wishes.  The  asses 
carried  trusses  of  hay.  Heroes  and  goddesses  belong  not  to 
this  age.  The  countesses  pitied  the  negroes.  The  cargoes 
of  potatoes  have  arrived.  Crucifixes  were  placed  under  the 
porticoes.  The  books  have  indexes.  The  taxes  were  paid. 
The  forest  is  full  of  lynxes  and  foxes  The  grottoes  arc 
decorated  with  mottoes. 


RULE  XII.    Nouns  ending  in  Y,  preceded  by  a  consonant, 
form  t  \eir  plurals  by  changing  tlie  Y  into  IES. 


mcr'-cy 

mef-ties 

fol'-ly 

fol'-Vcs 

fan-cy 

fan-tics 

ar-my 

ar-mics 

ni-by 

m-bies 

com'-pa-ny 

corry-pa-ntVs 

malx-a-dy 

mal'-a-dtes 

gal-le-ry 

gal-le-nV.s 

trag-e-dy 

trag-e-dies 

daix-sy 

dai'-sies 

ef-fi-gy 

ef-fi-g^ 

so-ci'-e-ty 

SO-C\'-C~tl6S 

THE     SPELLING-BOOK."  51 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  ladies  wore  rubies.  The  alhes  burnt  effigies  of  their 
enemies.  He  sent  many  copies  of  the  tragedies  to  different 
societies.  The  babies  were  playing  with  daisies  and  poppies. 
In  great  cities  are  many  follies.  The  tree  is  covered  with 
berries. 

Ruie  XIII.    Nouns  ending  in  Y,  preceded  by  a  voicel,  form 
their  plurals  by  adding  S. 

bays  ways  al'-leys  mon'-eyj 

days  chirry-neys  men-keys  buoys 

de-lays'  at-torMieys  gal-leys  boys 

plays  jour'-neys  pul-leys  toys 

<» 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  su:i's  r:iy*  fell  on  the  chimneys.  He  made  many' 
journeys.  Tiui  attorneys  were  angry  at  the  delays.  The 
monkeys  were  on  the  chimneys.  The  boys  were  at  their 
plays  through  the  long  days  in  summer. 

RULE  XIV.    Tlit  following  noitnt,  ending  in  F  and    FE, 
form  their  plurals  by  changing  their  endings  into  VES.* 


loa/ 

loaves 

cal/ 

calm? 

wol/ 

wolves 

shea/ 

sheaves 

hal/ 

halves 

life 

'lives 

lea/ 

leases 

«!/ 

elves 

kni/e 

knives 

thief 

thie?;es 

shelf 

shelves 

wife 

wives 

sta/f 

stages 

sel/ 

selves 

wharf 

wharves 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  thieves   stole  five  loaves.  .   The  ground  was  covered 
with  leaves.    Wolwes  sometimes  carry  off  cal  ITS.     The  knires 


*  Chief  t  handkerchief,  grief  >  hoof,  roof,  reproof,  scarf,  turf,  gulf, 
ttrife,  and  safe,  form  their  plurals  by  adding  *. 

*  The  compounds  of  ttaff  form  their  plurals  by  adding  $. 


53  THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 

were  on  ihz  shel^5.  The  wolves  hid  themselves  among  the 
leaves  in  the  garden,  and  thus  saved  their  luvs.  The  loares 
were  cut  in  halves  with  the  knifes. 


RULE  XV.  Words  ending  in  Y,  preceded  by  a  consonant 
change  th€  Y  into  I,  in  their  derivatives. 

fun'-cy  fau7-czed         fan'-ci-ful        fan'-ctes 

rem'-e-dy  rem-e-dtes      rem-e-dz'ed      re-med'-/-less 

stud'-y  stud-ies          stu-di-ous        stud'-ted 

de-fy'  de-fzed7  de-fiv-aiice       de-i 

sigx-ni-fy  sig'-ni-fies      sigx-ni-fted       sig-ni-iV-ca'-tion 

vra-ry  va-ri'-e-ty       va-n-ous          va-rf-a'-tion 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

We  fanc/ed  he  was  stud/ous.  He  was  not  satisfied.  The 
merc/less  tyrant  sets  every  one  at  defiance.  The  cries  of 
the  cr/er  were  easily  heard.  He  defied  his  enemies.  The. 
meaning  is  fanciful. 


RULE  XVI.    When  a  vowel  precedes  the  Y  Jinal,  or  when  ING 
15  added,  the  Y  is  retained. 

hur'-ry  huV-ry-ing  oc'-cu-py     ocx-cu-py-ing 

pit-y  pit-y-ing  fan^cy         fanx-cy-ing 

em-ploy7  em-ployMng 

studx-y  studx-y-ing 

de-stroy7  de-stro^-ing 


pacx-i-fy       pacx-i-fy-ing 
en-joy7         en-joyx-ing 
de-stroyed   de-stroy-ing 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


We  delayed  our  visit,  fancying  he  was  enjoying  himself. 
Instead  of  employing  his  time  properly,  he  was  playing  all 
day.  They  are  dyeing  the  cloth.  I  fear  he  is  dying.  The 
boys  were  buying  apples. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  ^v 

RILE  XVII.     Words  in  which  the  consonant  is  not  df  bled. 

hat- -it  eZ'-e-gant  dara'-age  e7?'-e-my 

maZ-ice  de-veZ'-op  rap-id  ver'-y 

paZ-ace  deZ'-uge  par-ish  me/-al 

baZ-ance  cap-i-tal  knav-ish  ven-om 

saZ-ad  peZ-i-can  creeZ-it  meZ-on 

,  li/n-it  pro;/-er  spir-it  hon-or 

nmi-ute  mo^Z-est  vis-it  ho?i-est 

con-ti7i'-ue  bod-y  criZ-ic  giv-er 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  bad  ha&it.  No  damage  was  done  to  the  capital.  Mal- 
ice is  venomous.  In  the  paZace  there  are  some  very  eZegant 
rooms  BaZance  the  account  with  the  parish  officer.  His 
lavish  expenditure  caused  his  rapid  ruin.  The  linen  will 
be  sent  in  a  few  minutes.  I  intend  to  visit  that  cify.  Horcof 
the  king.  Continue  to  be  howest.  A  moral  character. 

RULE  XVIII.    TJie  consonant   is   doubled  in   the  following 
words,  and  some  others. 

ca6x-tage          -gaZx-Zop  ar^-row  beZx-/ow 

scat-tard  taZ-Zo\v  mar-row  ceZ-Zar 

shab-by  ham-mei  bar-ren  pen-ny 

lad-der  an-nals  ca^-do  ke?i-?iel 

da^-o-er  ap-/?le  pet-tie  pep-per 

hajo-py  feZ-Zow  beZ-Zer 

squir-rel  roZ-Zer  rum-magQ 

scrit-tle  bi£-£er  co//i-77ia  siim-meT 

piZ-Zage  cof-fee  com^mon  cu??-7zing 

piZ-Zar  co/^er  cop-per  buZ-ter 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING 

A  shatty  fellow.  Cattages  grew  near  the  apple-trees 
Mend  the  ladder  with  a  hammer.  He  drew  the  dagger  from 
the  scattard.  A  gaZZo  i  of  ale.  A  hazard  look.  A  ceZZar 
of  wine.  A  nimble  sc  lirrel.  A  cup  of  coffee.  A  cojfer 
full  of  copper  coins.  A  piZZar  of  salt.  Bitter  almonds. 


54  THE    SPJELL1NG-UOUK. 


WORDS  CONTAINING  SYLLABLES  OR  PARTS 
OF  SYLLABLES  PRONOUNCED  ALIKE,  OR 
NEARLY  ALIKE,  BUT  SPELLED  DIFFER- 
ENTtY. 


AU  and  AW. 


cau'-cus 

aw'-buni 

ai0'-ful 

maur'-kish 

law-rel 

plau-dit 

law-ful 

law-suit 

au-thor 

awc-ticm 

az0k-\vard 

straw'-ber-ry 

gc/M-dy 

saw-sage 

taw-ny 

awn'-ing 

pau-per 

pau'-ci-ty 

law-yer 

taw-dry 

cau-tion 

naw-ti-cal 

saw-yer 

haw-thorn 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  caucus  was  caJled  by  a  lawyer.  The  author  was  filled 
with  awful  forebodings.  The  pamper  had  a  tawny  skin. 
Hawthorns  were  sold  at  auction.  The  sawyer  had  aw  burn 
Jocks.  There  was  a  pawcity  of  strawberries.  Lawsuits 
should  be  conducted  with  cawtion.  The  sailor  had  but  little 
nawtical  skill.  The  speaker  received  the  plaudits  of  the 
assembly. 

IE  and  EL 

grief  a-clueve7  ei'-ther  per-c^ve7 

chief  be-h'eve  neither  re-c«Ve 

thief  re-h'eve  lei-sure  de-ceit 

fief  re-pri'eve  set-zure  re-ce/pt 

grieve  re-tn'eve  con-ceive'  con-ceft 

ag-grieve7  be-siege  de-ceive  pre'-con-ce/ve 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

We  are  often  deemed  by  the  appearance  of  grit?.  The 
thz'ef  did  not  rec  ?tve  his  deserved  punishment.  He  was 
aggrieved  when  he  perceived  the  result.  He  achieved  hia 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  55 

purpose  when  he  made  a  seizure  of  the  goods.  The  receipt 
relieved  him  from  embarrassment.  After  he  was  relieved,  he 
had  ie/sure. 

EA  as  in  BEAT,  and  EA  as  in  THREAT. 

fea7-son  heax-then  threat'-en  pheas7-ant 

sea-son  bea-ver  weap-on  weath-er 

trea-son  wea-ver  feath-er  break-fast 

beat-en  deal-er  leath-er  stead-fast 

wheat-en  neat-ness  heav-en  mectd-ow 

mea-gre  weak-ness  read-y  en-deav'-or 

wea-sel  eon-ceal7  heav-y  research 

wea-sand  con-geal  zeal-ous  in-stead7 

bea-con  ap-peal  jeal-ous  be-head 

bea-dle  re-veal  pleas-ant  heav'-i-ly 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Reason  is  a  moral  weapon.  The  season  is  pleasant. 
Treason  is  threatened.  It  is  not  heavier  than  a  feather. 
The  weasel  was  found  in  the  meadow.  The  beaver  was 
clearly  seen.  He  saw  the  beacon  while  at  breakfast.  He 
wished  to  conceal  his  endeavors.  The  beadle  was  zealous  in 
his  duties.  The  pheasant  was  concealed.  He  was  steadfast 
in  his  appeal.  The  master  was  earnest  in  his  endeavors. 
Water  will  congeal.  His  researches  were  not  concealed. 
The  missionary  was  zealous  in  the  salvation  of  the  heathen. 
He  was  jealous  of  his  rival. 

OU  and  OW. 


cotmMy 

sur-rotmd' 

flow7-er 

trow;7-el 

botm-ty 

com-pownd 

shower 

drow-sy 

bomid-less 

pro-pownd 

loiter 

coz^-slip 

count-less* 

ex-pound 

pow-der 

cloi^n-ish 

clow-dy 

re-downd 

choz0-der 

trotr-sers 

cotm-ter 

de-ncmnce 

f0201-er 

al-low/ 

flown-der 

le-sound 

cow-aid 

ie-nown. 

found-ling 

as-townd 

dow-xy 

em-poi^H 

cou-fo/md' 

ca-rowse 

vo?r-el 

en-dowr7 

TO  THE     M'KLLING-BOOK. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

FJowerp  abound  in  the  cot/ntry.  Showers  are  frequent  in 
cloi/dy  weather.  The  coward  was  confounded  by  the  noise 
of  the  powder.  The  fowler  caught  a  flor/udcr  for  c\wirder. 
The  cowslips  were  countless.  lie  acquired  renown  by  ex- 
panding the  law.  He  was  empowered  to  propound  sever  1 1 
queries.  His  habits  were  clownish.  The  judge  allowed  the 
dowry.  Long  and  short  vowels  should  not  be  confounded. 


AID  and  ADE. 


maid 
braid 
staid 
paid 


a-frairf' 
up-braia* 
mer'-maid 
bride-maid 


fade 
shade 
trade 
spade 


de-grade* 
in-vadc 
cru-sade 
prom-e-uadcf 


brain 
grain 
gain 
or-dain' 


AIN  and  ANE. 

dis-da/??/ 
con-strain 
porx-ce-lain 
ap-per-tain7 


wane 
crane 
bane 


in-sane' 
pro-fane 
nr-bane 
chi-cane 


im-patV 

re-pair 

af-fair 

un-fair 

de-spair 

mo'-hair 

cor-sair 


AIR,  ARE,  and  EAR. 

pre-pare7  tear 

in-snare  swear 

de-clare  wear 

corn-pare  for-swear' 

a-ware  far-bear 
wclx-far« 


EUCHCI8K8    FOR    WRITING. 


The  maid  braided  her  hcu'r.  Flowers  fade  in  the  sh<vlr. 
The  apprentice  stoia*  two  fears  to  learn  a  tradt.  Tin- 
gardener  paiW  for  his  spa^.  The  boy  was  afraid  to  go. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  O/ 

The  man  was  degraded.  The  enemy  invaocd  ihe  country. 
The  clergyman  was  ordr//?ied.  He  disda/'/is  the  society  of 
bad  men.  Love  constrains.  Porcela/w,  the  finest  earthen- 
ware. He  was  a  huma?ie  man.  Wicked  men  profane  the 
Sabbath.  His  health  was  impaired,  lie  prepared  to  go. 
The  injury  was  repaired.  He  was  fully  aware  of  the  state 
of  affairs.  Beware  of  the  corsair.  The  welfare  of  t he- 
country.  The  man  forbears  to  declare.  He  wears  a  coat 
of  mohair.  Thou  shalt  not  forswear  thyself.  He  is  in  great 
despair.  He  compares  the  two  coins.  Youth  are  often 
insnared. 


suc-ceed' 

pro-cecd 

ex-ceed 


BED  ana*  EDE. 


re-cede 
pie-cede 


SB-cede* 
in-ter-c 
su-per-sede 


EME,  EAM,  and  EEM. 
su-prme'  ream  es-4eem' 


ex-tceme 


dream 


re-deem 


ENE,  EAN,  EEN,  and  INE. 


se-reiif/ 

\)ean 

ea-reen' 

ton-tine1 

con-vene 

clean 

mo-reen 

fas-cine 

ob-scene 

dean 

be-tween 

ma-rme 

in-ier-vene 

lean 

\m-see?i 

co\-ber-tine 

con-trz-vcne 

mean 

tn-reen 

mag-a-zt?ic 

wean 

v\s-ta-reen 

tam'-bou-r/;^ 

ETE,  EAT,  and  EET. 

cwn-plete  de-feaP  greet 

re-pi  ete  re-treat  fLeet 

con-Crete  en-treat  discreet* 


59 


TUB     SPELLING-BOOK. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

He  acceded  to  my  request.  He  succeeded  in  the  attempt 
Consuls  were  preceded  by  lictors.  Proceed  with  the  story. 
The  work  was  supersede!  by  a  better.  Intercede  for  me. 
They  seceded  from  the  association.  He  exceeded  his  allow- 
ance. The  commands  of  God  are  «upre/ne,  and  should  be 
ever  held  in  high  esteem.  The  pleasure  was  e\;n  //<,.  Some 
animals  were  reckoned  unclean.  He  demeans  himself  with 
humility.  The  man  redeems  his  pledge.  The  sky  was 
serene.  The  ship  was  careened.  The  ditches  were  filled 
with  fascines.  Marine  shells.  The  curtains  were  made  of 
moreen.  Colbertine,  a  kind  of  lace.  The  magazine  was 
well  filled  with  stones.  Tambourine,  a  kind  of  drum. 
Nothing  of  importance  intervened  between  the  sessions. 
The  tureen  was  well  filled.  The  boy  lost  a  pistareen.  The 
edifice  is  complete.  The  enemy  was  defeated.  His  words 
were  replete  with  guile.  A  discreet  general  will  sometimes 
make  a  retreat.  Numbers  are  sometimes  concrete,  and 
sometimes  abstract. 


gaz-et-teer7 

vol-un-teer 

en-gi-neer 

moim-tain-eer 

auc-tion-ecr 

pri-va-teer 

mu-ti-neer 

dom-i-ueer 


EER,  IER,  ERE, 

*and  EAR. 

fi-nan-cs'er7 

sin-cere7 

hear 

brig-a-dzer 
cav-a-1/er 

co-here 
ad-here 

clear 

drear 

r     chan-de-Jier 

cas-si-niere7 

near 

buc-ca-mer 

in-ter-fere 

en-dear7 

gon-do-h*er 
gren-a-dier 
cui-ras-s/er 

per-se-vere 
at-mos-phere 

ap-j>M//- 
Bur-raor 

be-snuar 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


The  gazetteer  was  read  by  the  light  of  the  chandeher. 
The  engineer  was  not  a  skilful  financier.  The  auctionrer 
was  compelled  to  interfere.  The  grenadier  was  clothed  iu 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK, 


sassimere.  The  buccan/ers  were  chased  by  privateera  The 
cavalier  was  fully  armed.  The  atmosphere  surrounds  the 
earth.  Honor's  fair  career.  He  was  supported  by  his  com- 
peers. The  veneer  did  not  adhere  closely.  His  efforts  were 
sincere.  The  man  appeared  to  be  austere.  The  surfaces 
being  besmeared  with  glue,  cohere.  The  distress  of  a  friend 
him  to  us.  The  arrears  were  paid. 


vir'-tue 
val--Me 


UE  and  EW. 

sub-due7  cnr'-few 

res'-cue  sin-ew 

con-tin'-we  re-new* 


mil'-dew 
es-cheio' 
be-dew 


curse 
nurse 
purse 


URSE,  ERSE,  and  ERCE. 

re-verse*  Si-merce* 

con-verse  co-erce 

dis-perse  com'-merce 
mi-merse 


UR  and  ER. 


de-mwr7 

re-cur 

oc-cur 


con-cwr' 
iii-cur 


de-fer7 

in-fer 

de-ter 


con-fer' 
pre-fer 


EXERCI&ES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  valwe  of  virtue.  The  ringing  of  the  curfew  was  intro 
duced  into  England.  Th)  lawyer  argwes  well.  He  subdued 
his  enemies.  His  cheeks  were  bedewed  with  tears.  He 
eschewed  evil,  and  pursz/ed  good.  The  mildew  continued, 
lie  came  to  the  rescue.  His  sinews  were  strong.  Bless 
and  curse  not.  He  wrote  in  verse.  His  style  was  ten>e. 
The  nurse  was  immersed.  Money  was  disbursed  from  the 
public  treasury.  The  crowd  was  dispersed.  The  criminal 


W  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

was  Amerced  to  the  amount  of  one  hundred  dollars.  The 
merchant  conversed  freely  on  commerce.  The  boy  was 
very  perverse.  The  defendant  demurs  to  the  declaration  of 
the  plaintiff.  He*  defers  the  execution  of  his  purpose.  He 
prefers  to  concur.  The  same  idea  recurs  to  the  mind.  The 
word  occ?/rs  in  many  places.  Many  circumstances  may 
deter  a  man  from  his  undertaking.  He  incurs  blame. 


ACE  and  ASE. 

ef-face7             re-trace7  a-base*             de-base' 

de-face             mis-place  e-rase              en-case 
dis-grace          un-lace 

UCE  and  USE. 

ad-duce'          in-dwce7  re-clwse'           ex-cwse' 

tra-dwce           con-dwce  a-bwsc              ab-struse 

de-dwce            re-dwce  <.b-tuse            ref-wse 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

He  effaced  the  name.  The  figure  was  defaced.  The 
signature  was  erased.  Whoever  exalteth  himself  shall  be 
abased.  A  drunkard  debases  himself.  The  traveller  re- 
traced his  steps.  The  book  was  misplaced.  He  adduced 
many  reasons  for  an  excwse.  The  recluse  was  traduced.  An 
abstruse  science.  His  intellect  was  obtuse.  A  truth  is  de- 
duced. Temperance  conduces  to  health. 

AIN,  IN,  and  INE. 

chief-tain  ba'-sm  fam'-inc 

chap-lain  rai-sin  en-gi/jc 

cap-tarn  ros-iw  des-tinc 

bar-gain  res-in  er-mine 

cer-tain  ver-min  rap-iwe 

cur-tam  mar-gin  doc-trine 


THE    SPELJ.INO-BOOK.  61 

mnr'-raw  or-i-gs/*  saii'-gmne 

mouu-tain  ur'-chw  pris-tine 

foun-tam  fir-km  med'-^cin* 

vil-lam  pump-km  mas-cu-liwe 

mus-li/i  fem-i-ni7te 


EXERCISES    FOR    WHITING. 

The  chieftains  of  Scotland  were  noble  men.  They  had 
a  chaplain  in  the  army.  The  basin  was  well  filled  with 
raisi/js.  The  captain  made  a  good  bargain.  The  vermin 
were  covered  with  resin.  He  was  certain  that  the  water 
would  cover  the  margin.  Tlie  urchin  found  a  fountain  at 
the  foot  of  a  mountain.  The  villain  filled  his  firkin  with 
pumpki/is.  He  was  sanguine  in  the  belief  of  the  doctrine. 
Some  nouns  are  sometimes  masculi?ic  and  sometimes  femi- 
nize. The  famine  was  great.  The  medicine  cured  the 
murrain.  The  origin  of  the  false  doctrine  was  certain. 


AL,  EL,  and  LE. 

med'-al  nov'-el  marx-b/6 

na-taZ  mar-ve/  cra-d/e 

scan-daZ  par-ceZ  ap-p/e 

lo-cal  bar-re/  sad-d/e 

fru-gaZ  fen-nel  stop-pte 

plu-raZ  grav-eZ  bi-b/e 

jour-naZ  shov-el  cut-tie 

roy-aZ  bnsh-eZ  ket-t/e 

an'-i-maZ  jevv-eZ  tre-b/e 

prin-ci-paZ  ves-seZ  prin'-ci-pfe 

ina-te^-naZ  in'-fi-deZ  du-ra-b/e 

fra-ter-naf  cit-a-deZ  as-sem'-b/e 

docx-tri-naZ  chan'-neZ  ig-no-bZe 

ex-terx-naZ  sen'-ti-neZ  au7-di-bte 

con'-ju-gaZ  ap-parx-eZ  ca-pa-bZe 

im-mor'-taZ  counx-seZ  val'-u-a-bZe 


THK     SPKLLINd-ROOK. 


EXERCISES     FOR    WRITING. 

The  lx>y  received  a  medal.  He  bought  a  barrc/  of 
He  found  a  small  partic/e  of  marb/e.  An  immorta/  princip/e 
The  principrr/  citade/  was  taken.  The  bibfe  is  full  of  doc- 
rim//  instruction.  The  farmer  gave  a  btishr/  of  meal  to  his 
catt/e.  The  sadd/e  was  found  in  the  channe/.  The  sentinel 
was  alarmed  at  the  spectac/e.  He  was  clothed  in  royal 
appare/. 


AR,  ER,  OR,  and  RE. 


tar'-tor 

man'-ncr 

may'-or 

gram-mar 

mat-ter 

sai4-or 

mor-tar 

dan-ger 

trai-tor 

dol-lar 

man-ger 

au-thor 

col-lar 

pa-per 

doc-tor 

keg-gar 

pray-er 

mir-ror 

.cel-lar 

wait-er 

suit-or 

ce-dar 

an-ger 

tu-tor 

nee-tar 

lead-er 

an'-ces-tor 

pil-lar 

mea-ger 

au-di-tor 

su-gar 

heif-er 

em-pe-ror 

vul-gar 

leg-er 

spec-ta'-tor 

joc'-u-lar 

bea-ver 

trans-la-tor 

pop-u-lar 

preach-er 

sur-vey-or 

reg-u-lar 

ea-ger 

col-lec-tor 

scim-e-tar 

tem-per 

con-duc-tor 

sin-gu-lar 

bri-er 

in-struc-tor 

vin-e-gar 

buy-er 

coun^sel-lor 

mus-cu-lar 

hin-der 

ag-gres'-sor 

som'-bre 

sa-bre 

mea-gre 

mau-gre 

om-bre 

cen-tre 

scep-t/*e 

spec-tre 

o-chre 

lu-cre 

lus-tre 

masx-sa-cre 

salt-pex-tre 

the7-a-tre 

sep-nl-chre 

ma-noBu'-vre 

re-con-noix-tre 

con-cenx-tre 

am-phi-the'-a-tre 


EXERCISES     FOR    WRITING. 

The  mayor  was  not  pleased  with  the  manner  of  teaching 
grammar.  The  waiter  received  a  dollar  from  the  manager 
of  the  theatre.  The  traitor  sold  his  country  for  filthy  lucre. 
The  aggressor  caused  a  great  massacre  with  his  scimitar.  A 
popular  preacher.  Vulgar  minds  are  ©ften  disturbed  by 


63 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


. 

spectres.  The  leader  of  the  orchestra  lost  his  temper.  He 
reconnoitred  the  camp  of  the  enemy.  A  singular  manoeuvre. 
A  sailor  lost  his  sabre.  The  collector  was  eager  to  collect 
fhe  duty  on  sugar.  A  jocular  conductor.  The  spectator 
was  leaning  against  the  pillar.  The  doctor  was  seized  by 
he  collar.  A  singular  author. 


ABLE  and  IBLE. 


Im'-da-ble 

prob-a-ble 

de-s\'-ia-ble 

S3\-va-ble 

ca-pa-ble 

teu-a-ble 

mn-ta-ble 

suit-a-ble 

\\-a-ble 

c\\\-pa-ble 

port-a-ble 

ven'-er-a-ble 

re-uew'-a-ble 

re-spect-a-ble 

re-mark-a-&Ze 

a-  vail  -a- b  le 

langh'-a-6/<2 

af-fa-ble 

sy\-\a-ble 


cred-i-ble 
sen-si-ble 
au-di-ble 


leg-t-6/e 
ftex-i-ble 


fu-si-ble 

e\'-i-gi-ble 

pos'-si-ble 

hor-ri-ble 

re-spon'-si-ble 

dis-cem-i-blc 


ter-ri-ble 

vis-i-ble 

ven-di-ble 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  lauda&Ze  desire.  A  plausz'6/e  story.  A  probao/e  event. 
His  account  was  cred/6/e.  A  sensible  person.  Durable  hap- 
piness. A  salva&Ze  state.  His  arguments  were  forcible.  lie 
IB  capa&fe  of  exertion.  He  was  scarcely  audible.  His  con- 
duct was  culpao/e.  A  frang/6/e  vessel.  The  man  was  cli- 
gible.  A  venerable  man.  A  laughao/e  scene.  A  horr/£/r. 
event  A  flexible  voice.  A  responsible  person.  A  respect* 


6-i  TIIK     SPELLING-BOOK. 

able  person.  Ilis  manners  are  afla6/f.  Combusti6fc  mate- 
rials. It  is  possible.  The  object  was  visible.  Fusible  metal. 
The  stars  are  discern/6/e  by  the  eye. 

ANCE,  ENCE,  and  ENSE. 

fla'-grawctf  cz'-dence  dense 

trance  pies-ence  sense 

c\ear-a?ice  sci-ence  tense 

griey-ance  pm-de?ice  ex-pcnse* 

en-trance  pre-tence7  sub-tense 

distance  of-fence  m-cense 

nm-sance  ab-sence  pro-pense 

e\'-e-gance  ve'-he-mence  li  -cense 

cir-cum-sta??re  def-er-ence  rec'-o 

tem-per-awre  el-o-quencc  dis-pense* 

main-te-nan^  em-i-nence  con-dense 

ig-no-rance  ev-i-dence  pte-pense 

ut-ter-ance  neg-\i-gence  nou'-sc/ise 

con-vey'-ance  pre{-er-ence  m-tense* 

o-bei-sance  ref-er-e?icc  sus-p&ise 

ap-pear-awc«  res-i-dence  ini-mense 

re-pent-ance  rev-er-ence 

al-li-auce  dif-fer-ence 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Flowers  emit  a  delightful  fragrance.  In  the  presence  of 
the  multitude.  Science  may  come  from  a  distance.  Elo- 
quence often  controls  ignorance.  Elegance  is  never  joined 
with  negligence.  There  is  a  very  great  difference  between 
innocence  and  insolence.  The  nuisance  came  from  an  immense 
distance.  Intense  feeling  stopped  his  utterance.  Tempera/ic* 
was  urged  with  great  eloquence.  Diligence  may  overcome  bad 
utteranee.  What  is  the  difference  between  impudence  and 
impertinence  ?  During  the  performance  all  kept  silwr. 
The  consequence  of  the  man's  absence  was  the  boy's 
.  fie  spoke  with  vehemence. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


pal'-ate 

leg-ate 

prel-ate 

Ken-ate 

cu-rate 

ac'-cu-rate 

cer-tif'-i-cate 

pas'-sion-ate 


ATE  and  ET. 

for'-tu-nate  bas'-ke* 

mod-er-ate  scar-let 

del-i-cate  cam-let 

des-per-afe  gaunt-le* 

du-pli-cate  jack-e/ 

ul-ti-ma^e  mag-ne^ 

vi-o-late  com-et 
in-car7-na^ 


cov'-et 
se-cret 


plum-me^ 

bay^o-nei 

trum^pef 

vi'-o-l^ 

cov-er-le^ 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Men  of  nice  palaces.  The  basket  was  full.  The  curate 
found  a  magnet.  The  senate  was  convoked  by  the  sound  of 
a  trumpet.  The  prelate  drank  from  a  silver  goblet.  He  was 
stabbed  with  a  bayonet  in  a  desperate  encounter.  His  mod- 
erate counsels  were  kept  secret.  He  was  fortunate  in  discov- 
ering a  come*.  A  duplicate  copy.  A  scarlef  robe  of  camlet 
A  leaden  nlummef. 


spi'-cy 
mer-cy 
flee-cy 
i-cy 
sau-cy 
se'-cre-cy 
pri-va-cy 
pol-i-cy 
de-cen-cy 
leg-a-ey 
flu-en-cy 
ten-den-cy 
celx-i-ba-cy 
del-i-ca-cy 
m-ti-ma-cy 
va'-gran-cy 
va-can-cy 
5 


CY,  SY,  and  ZY. 

glos7-sy 

gras-5y 

mas-sy 


tip-sy 

drop-5y 

em'-bas-sy 

her-e-sy 

jeal-ou5-y 

a-posx-ta-5y 

lep/-ro-5y 

hy-pocx-ri-5y 

courMe-sy 


dai'-sy 

noi-sy 

ro-sy 

po-sy 

wo-sy 

quin-sy 

clumpy 

bus-// 

un-ea'-sy 


min'-strel-^y 
con'-tro-ver-^y 


06  THK    SPELLING-BOOK. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  spicy  breezes.  The  humble  daisy.  No  mercy  is 
shown  towards  heresy.  The  fleer?/  snow.  He  spoke  \vith 
fluency.  His  gestures  were  clumsy.  The  embassy  con- 
ducted  its  affairs  in  privacy.  The  gypsy  left  a  small  lega<v/. 
There  is  a  tendency  to  apostasy.  Hypocrisy  cannot  be 
maintained  with  decency.  The  dizzy  height.  The  ha^y 
atmosphere.  The  breezy  shore.  Jealousy  often  destroys 
intimacy.  The  gypsy  maintained  great  secrecy.  He  fell  in 
a  fit  of  epilepsy.  The  embassy  was  not  well  received. 

ON  and  EN. 

ba'-con  beck'-on  ha'-ven  heav'-en 

ma-son  crim-son  maid-en  lead-en 

par-don  pris-on  ra-ven  chosen 

par-son  but-ton  ta-ken  frozen 

cot-ton  poi-son  gar-den  stole?i 

bea-con  glut-ton  war-den  to-ken 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  bacon  was  stolen.  Poison  was  taken  by. the  glutton. 
The  parson  appointed  a  warden.  A  beacon  was  raised  in  th  j 
garden.  The  mason,  having  stolen  a  raven,  received  pardon. 
He  found  a  leaden  button.  The  criminal  was  taken  to  prison. 
The  glutton  was  frozen.  He  was  taken  in  the  garden.  The 
raven  was  stolen.  The  maiden  walked  in  the  garden.  He 
cannot  button  his  coat. 

ILE  and  IL. 


duc'-tz7e 

ser'-vi7e 

sig7-«7 

pu'-jw7 

rep-t«7e 

frag-t7e 

vig-t7 

nos-tn7 

fer-tt'fe 

feb-n7e 

civ-t7 

ton-s«7 

hos-tt7e 

ju'-ve-m'A? 

e-v«7 

codx-i-ctZ 

flex-t7e 

ver-sa-tt7e 

per-z7 

daf-fo-d«7 

mis-st7e 

im-bec/-t7e 

pen-ct7 

u'-tcn-sf/ 

THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  67 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  pup//  trod  on  the  reptile.  He  wrote,  with  a  pencil 
hostile  instructions,  which  caused  a  civ?7  war.  The  fragz'fe 
missile  produced  much  evil.  Fertile  land.  Juvenile  sports. 
Versati7e  youth.  Imbecile  old  age.  He  made  a  codiczV  to 
liis  will.  The  daffodi7  ih  in  bloom.  The  utensz7s  of  farmers 
are  often  lost. 

IT  and  ITE. 


hab'-i* 

cul'-prit 

res'-pite 

per^qui-stVe 

u-nit 

de-mer'-i* 

in'-fi-nite 

def-i-nzfe 

lim-it 

in-her-it 

op-po-site 

ap-po-sife 

pul-pit 

ex-hib-i* 

hyp-o-crife 

com-posx-i*e 

spir-it 

so-lic-it 

fa-vor-ite 

rex-qui-sz7e 

sum-mi* 

e-lic-it 

ex-qui-s/;te 

pre-ter-i*e 

EXERCISES    FOR    WR.ITING. 

He  was  in  the  habz*  of  making  a  depos/f.  The  culprez 
had  been  a  favonte.  A  hypocnVe  is  sure  to  be  detested. 
The  traveller  reached  the  summzt.  He  exhibits  opposite 
views.  He  solicits  a  definite  sum.  Exquisite  taste.  A 
composite  number.  His  remarks  elicit  praise.  Mine  ia 
the  merit,  the  demerit  thine. 

ICE,  IS,  ISE,  UCE,  and  OISE. 

maP-ice  cri'-sis  trea'-tise 

lat-tice  ba-sis  prom-ise 

prac-tice  pha-sis  an-ise 

cor-nice  glot-tis  moi-tise 

jaun-dtcc  a-nalx-y-s«5  fran-chisc 

bod-ice  hy-poth-e-sis 

no-tice  di-aer-e-sis  let'-tuce 

of-fice  an-tith-e-si5 

ser-vice  me-trop-o-lis  tof-totse 

sur-piicg  chrysx-a-li5 

jus-tice 


68  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Set  down  nought  in  malice.  Lattice  work.  A  crisis  had 
arrived.  Good  faith  is  the  basis  of  public  credit.  Habit  is 
the  effect  of  practice.  He  commenced  under  favorable  au- 

<cs.    The  phasis  of  the  moon.    Glottis,  a  part  of  the  tin 
Diaeresis  is  used  to  denote  that  vowels  are  sounded.    He  n; 
an  analysis  of  the  treatise.     He  kept  his  promise.     Lettwce 
grew  near  the  cornice.    Avarice  often  defeats  justice.    London 
is  the  metropolis  of  England.     The  shell  of  a  tortoise.     The 
carpenter  made  a  mortise.     He  lost  his  office. 

IZE,  ISE,  YZE,  and  ICE. 

ag'-gran-ih'ze  ex'-er-cz's* 

hu-man-ize  mer-chan-dz'se 

scm-ti-nize  corn-pro-rmsa 

pat-ron-ijze  crit-i-cise 

col-o-mze  en-ter-pme 

pul-ver-ize  ad-ver-tzse' 

sym-pa-thize  su-por-vtse 

scan-da-lize  cir'-cum-cfse 

tem-po-rize  ex-or-cise 

har-mon-ize  chas-t/sc7 
sol-em  -uize 

e-con-o-mize  an'-&-\yze 

e-van-gel-z^e  par-a-lyze 

Tec-og-nize  

au-thor-z'ze  sac'-ri-fice 

EXERCISES     FOR    WRITING. 

He  exercised  his  powers  to  humanize  the  nature  of  the 
Indians.  His  family  was  aggrandized  by  his  great  success  in 
merchandise.  They  patronized  the  fine  arts.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  enterprise.  He  was  duly  authorized  to  effect  a  com- 
promise. The  arguments  did  not  harmonize.  The  earth 
was  well  pulver/zed.  He  was  appointed  to  supervise  the  pn 
He  criticised  the  work.  The  ancients  were  accustomed  to 
exoretse  evil  spirits.  Missionaries  are  sent  abroad  to  evaii- 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


gelize   the   heathen.      The    marriage  was   duly  solemnized. 
Various   substances   are    analyzed    by  chemists.      Sacrifices 
have  been   common  to  most  nations.     His  limbs  were  para 
lyzed 

UM,  OM,  and  OME. 

nosMrwm  wis'-dom 

ros-tram  phan-tom 

stra-twm  king-dom 

vel-lwm  sel-dom 

rne^di-wm  idx-i-om 

pre-mi-wm  sympx-tom 

de-co'-n^?^  free-do??* 

ac-cus'-to?/* 


glad-some 
lone-so;/ie 


vac  -u-um 


em-po-ri-wm 


blos'-so//! 


hand-soT/ze 

in-come 

blithe-some 

cum'-ber-soTTW 

frol-ic-some 

wea-ri-so??ze 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

is  a  welcome  guest.  He  seldom  found  a  hand- 
some woman.  He  enjoyed  a  moderate  income.  Money  is 
the  medium  of  commerce.  He  received  fulsome  flattery. 
The  glory  of  martyrdom.  A  cumbersome  machine.  A  frolic- 
some lad.  The  idiom  of  the  language.  An  empty  space  is 
called  a  racuwm.  The  momentum  was  great.  Lessons  of 
wisdom  were  often  learned  from  the  rostrw/ra.  He  was  accus- 
tomed to  receive  a  large  income.  The  emporh/m  of  fashion. 


gr&'-cious 
spe-cious 
sp<i-cious 


mi-d&'-cious 


VO-T3.-CIOUS 


fe-ro-cious 


CIOUS  and  TIOUS. 

ca.u'-tions 

fac-tions 

frac-tious 

cap-tious 

vex-a'-tious 

fa-ce-tin?is 

con-ten-tious 

se-di'tinns 

sen-teu-tious 

con-sci-e  n'-tivu* 

in-fQC'-tious 


7(J  THK    SI'ELLING-BOOK. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  gracious  reception.  A  spacious  hall.  He  was  extreme- 
ly cautious.  A  fractious  man.  Factious  citizens.  A  saga- 
cious  prince.  A  voracious  appetite.  Seditious  assemblies. 
He  is  guilty  of  an  atrocious  crime.  The  disease  is  infec//Ws. 
Pugnacious  animals.  He  was  both  audacious  and  face*/  //  , 
but  not  conscientious.  The  reasoning  was  fallacious.  The 
fruit  was  luscious. 


SIGN  and  TIGN. 

oc-ca'-ston  va-ca'-fr'on 

de-ci-ston  foun-da-fr*on 

vision  cre-a-ft'on 

com-pul'-sfcon  ne-ga-ft'on- 

man'-szYm  ob-li-ga'-/to7i 

de-clen'-ston  re-la'-ft'on 

di-men-ssott  an-i-ma'-fr'on 

pen'-sion  oc-cu-pa-rfo?/ 

ex-plox-5fow  pri-vax-/ton 

ver'-sf  on  in-  kc-tion 

'm-cui'-sion  re-duc-tion 

pas'-sion  re-  cep-^ort 

ces-5/on  ex-er-tion 

di-gres^zon  el-o-cu'-^o^i 

de-pres-sto»  ed-u-ca-^'o/i 

mis'-sion  sit-u-a-rton 

con-fu  -5ion  as-so-ci-a^/iow 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Gn  this  occasion  he  showed  his  decision.  He  called  on 
his  relation  during  vacation.  A  vision  appeared  to  him, 
There  is  no  compulsion  in  the  occupation,  lie  was  undor 
obligation  for  his  mansion.  The  infection  caused  great 
fusion.  Declension  of  Latin  nouns,  and  conjugation  of  verbs. 
He  went  on  a  mission  to  that  nation.  He  made  a  digression 


TH*    SPELLING-BOOK.  i  \ 

«m  the  subject  of  education.     He  received  a  pension  in  hia 
new  station.     His  elocution  produced  confusion. 

SI  and  CI. 

ne-ces'-sz-ty  ve-racW-ty 

im-men-si-ty  lo-quac-f-ty 

in-ten-sf-ty  ra-pae-t-ty 

d  i- ver-sf-t  y  sa-gac-t- 1  y 

u-ni-ver'-sz'-ty  te-nac-i-ty 

gen-er-os-z-ty  ca-pac-f-ty 

an-i-mos-z-t  y  fe-roc-t-t  y 

scru-pu-lo5-z-ty  a-troc-z-ty 

pro-pen^st-ty  du-plic-z-ty 

cu-ri-osM'-ty  e-las-ti^-t-ty 

pcr-ver'-sz-ty  rec-f-proc-t-ty 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

He  exhibited  an  intensity  of  feeling.  His  verac/ty  wa§ 
questioned.  There  was  a  diversity  of  opinions.  He  in- 
dulged in  too  great  loquacity.  The  atrocity  of  murder.  He 
had  a  capacity  for  learning.  A  propensity  to  sin.  His  gen- 
erosity was  great.  The  tenacity  of  glue.  The  student  was 
educated  at  the  university.  An  object  of  curiosity. 

Y  and  EY. 

hapx-py  scar/-ci-ty  alMey  turnkey 

dai-ty  rem-e-dy  val-ley  pul-ley 

bod-y  dep-u-ty  gal-ley  chim-ncy 

cop-y  tyr-an-ny  bar-Icy  hack-ncy 

povx-er-ty  vil-la-ny  par-k'y  jour-ney 

rev-el-ry  com-pa-ny  hon-ey  at-torMiey 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  attorney  found  his  money.     The  deputy  made  a  long 
journey      Daily  duties.    Happy  hours.     A  body  of  men.     A 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


scarcity  of  honey.     The  turkey  was  fed  on  barley.     The 
general  demanded  a  parley.     A  Venetian  galley.     A  fertile 
valley.     A  certain  remedy.     A   tall   chimney.     A   liar 
coach.     A  double  pulley. 


ECUS  and  IOUS. 

d  u'-t  e  -ous  se'-rt  -ous 

it-e-ous  te-di-ous 

g-ne-ons  pre-vi-ow* 

hid-e-ous  im-pi-ous 


i; 


cu-ta'-ne-ous  stu-di-ous 

ei-TO-ne-ous  no-to'-ri-ous 

spou-ta-ne-ous  har-mo-n 

cal-ca-re-oi/5  im-per-vi-ous 

m-dus-tri-ous 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  duteous  t  child.  A  ted/0?/s  journey.  A  hideows  sight 
A  piteous  groan.  The  previous  question.  Impious  conduct. 
Aqueous  humor.  A  noton'ows  character.  Erroneous  opin- 
ions. HarmomoMS  sounds.  Spontaneous  combustion.  II- 
lustrzot/5  men.  Calcareot/5  soil.  Cutaneous  disease.  A 
dubious  question.  ImpervzoMs  forests.  He  was  a  notonoua 
idler.  John  is  an  industrzoz/s  boy.  He  is  very  studious. 

AGE,  EGE,  IAGE,  IGE,  and  IDGE. 

sav'-age  u'-sage  colMeg-'e  fer/-ri-o§r£ 

dam-age  vil-lage  priv'-i-lege 

ad-age  corn-age  sac-ri-lege  ves'-tige 

man-age  suf-frage  al-lege* 

hem-age  um-biage  pot'-ridge 

pres-age  mort-gage  mar'-riage  car-tridge 

ftalv-a^e  hem^or-rha^e     car-ria^e  par-tnW^e 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  73 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  savage  state.  The  collie  was  situated  in  a  fine  village. 
The  carriage  received  much  damage.  He  was  obliged  to 
pay  homage.  There  was  no  vestige  of  the  tillage.  The 
partridge  sought  a  place  of  refuge.  He  allied  that  he  was 
on  the  eve  of  marrmge.  The  cartridge  caused  great  dnm- 
age.  Universal  suffrage  is  a  great  privilege.  The  house 
was  mortgaged.  The  boatman  received  ferriage. 

ETY  and  ITY. 


pi'-e-ty 

anx-i'-e-ty 

a-bilM'-ty 

gra-tu7-i-£y 

ni-ce-ty 

pro-pri-e-ty 

ci-vil-«-ty 

ne-ces-sf-ty 

va-ri'-e-Zy 

no-to-ri'-e-ty 

di-vin-z-ty 

SQ-ren-t-/y 

so-ci-e-ty 

im-pix-e-ty 

e-ter-m-ty 

e-nor-mf-/y 

so-bri-e-ty 

sa-ti-e-ty 

an-nu-z-ty 

se-ver-z-/y 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Piety  is  honorable  in  all.  His  ability  was  great. 
is  a  great  enorm/fy.  Sobriety  produces  serenity.  He  re- 
ceives an  annuity.  He  acquired  notoriety.  The  soci/ty 
was  under  the  necessity  of  dismissing  its  minister.  Distin- 
guished abih'ty.  A  variety  of  topics.  The  enormity  of  the 
offence  justified  the  severity  of  the  punishment.  He  received 
an  annuity  as  a  gratuity. 

CLE,  RLE,  and  CAL. 

par/-ti-c/e  frec'-kle  drop'-si-ca/ 

ar-ti-c/e  sic-kle  ver-ti-ra/ 

cu-ti'dc  buc-kle  typ-i-caZ 

can-ti-c/e  twin-/rZe  tech-ni-a// 

ven-tri-cZe  spec-kle  mys-ti-cal 

pin-na-c/e  sprin-Ar/e  erit-i-a/Z 

ob-sta-e/e  shac-^/«  cler-i-caZ 

ves-i-c/e  pric-Arfe  rad-i-caJ 

ve-hi-c/e  tin-A:/c  prac-ti-ca/ 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 
EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  particfe  of  matter.  A  dropsica/  habit.  His  skin  was 
covered  with  freckles.  Articles  of  agreement.  In  the 
tropics,  the  sun  is  often  vertical.  The  reaper  uses  a  sickle. 
Cuticfc,  the  thin  exterior  skin.  Many  of  the  Jewish  rites 
tvere  typical.  A  silver  buckle.  Canticle,  a  song.  Techni- 
cal  terms.  The  fixed  stars  twinkle.  Mystical  lore.  The 
pinnacle  of  fame.  A  radical  error.  A  critical  judge.  The 
obstacle  was  overcome. 


CIAL,  TIAL,  and  SIAL, 

spe'-cial  nup'-tial 

so-cial  max-tial 

ju-di'-cial  es-sen'-tial 

of-&-rial  po-ten-tial 

ben-e-fi'-cz'aZ  in-i-tial 

com-mer'-cfaZ  sub-sta 

pio-vm-cial  con-fi-den'-ta'aJ 


su-pei-fi-dal  e-qui-noc-ft'aZ 

con-tro-ver'-szaZ 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  special  messenger  was  sent.  Nuptial  rites.  Social 
happiness.  Martial  deeds.  Essential  properties  Judicial 
proceedings.  Official  duties.  Commercial  interests.  In- 
fiuential  friends.  Provinc«a/  dialect.  Presidential  election. 
A  pestilent/  disease.  A  substan*/a/  building.  Superficial 
knowledge.  Controvers/a/  writing*,  financial  operations. 
Equinoctial  storm.  Beneficial  results.  Initial  letters.  The 
commercial  news  was  beneficial  to  trade.  He  delivered  a 
?pe^iV//and  confidential  message  upon  the  financial  coridltiou 
of  the  treasury.  An  artificial  rose-bud 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


75 


va'-ean/ 


el  G- 


pet-u-lawf 

coii-so-na?i£ 

in'-fant 

bril-liant 

doY-mant 

stag-nan* 

fra-grarc£ 

pleas-ant 

re-luc'-taratf 

ob-ser-vant 

tri-um-phant 

a-bun-dawf 


ANT  and  ENT. 

re-cum'-be?^ 


in-dul-ge/^ 
Buf-fi-cienl 


ex-cel-lent 
im-mi-ncw^ 


dif  -fa-dent 


con-cur-re/^ 

con-tin-gen^ 

ef-ful-ge?it 

neg'-\i-gent 

in-di-gen^ 

in-do-lent 

m-so-lent 

ev-i-dent 

oip-u-lent 

vi-o-\ent 

em-i-nent 

per-ma-nen^ 

prom-i-nent 

con-se-quen^ 

sub-se-quen/ 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  place  is  vacant.  A  recumbgw*  posture.  There  is  an 
abundant  crop  on  the  adjacent  farm.  A  recreant  son.  A 
magnificent  spectacle.  An  excellent  mother  watched  over 
him.  I  am  confident  his  success  will  be  triumphal.  An 
indulgent  father.  Arrogant  conduct.  His  anger  is  dormant. 
Inclement  weather.  Stagnant  water.  Fragrant  flowers. 
He  was  in  amuent  circumstances.  Patient  under  afflictions. 
An  observant  mind.  He  was  present.  I  am  reluct#/j<  to 
admit  it.  A  penito*  spirit.  A  violent  temper.  An  innoc* n 


man. 


eir'-cws 

sur-plws 

gram-pus 

fo-CUS 

re-bus 


US  and  OUS. 

as-par'-a-gws       fa'-mous 
isth'-rm/s 


im'-pi-a?^ 


pom-poi^5 
nei-vous 


ca-n-ows 

fu-ri-o//s 
cred-u-lo?f5 


76  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


in-cu-bf/s 

co-1  lt/j>-n;//s^       moim-tain-otia 

ap-pa-ra'-t«s      zeal-o//s        vig-or-ows 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

There  was  a  large  surplus.  A  famous  mathemuli 
The  Roman  circus.  The  grampus  is  a  voracious  fish.  A 
great  genius.  Isthmus  of  Darien.  A  credulous  man.  The 
radius  of  a  circle.  A  furious  animal.  Extensive  apparatus. 
The  exodtw  of  the  Israelites.  Glorious  achievements.  The 
Colossus  at  Rhodes.  A  serious  affair.  Asparagus,  a  kinc 
of  plant  A  mountainous  country.  A  vigorous  intellect 

EON  and  ION. 

dun'-geo/i  pig'-eon.  re'-gion 

dudg-eon  \vidg-e0?i  le-gs'<m 

stur-geon  bludg-eo?*  re-lig'-iVw 

sur-geo?i  gudg-eoM  con-ta-gfon 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  man  was  cast  into  the  dungeon.  The  surgeon  attend 
ed  the  legion.  The  contag/Vw  spread  from  town  to  town. 
He  professed  the  Christian  relig/o/i.  The  pigron  flew  faster 
than  the  widgcow.  The  sturgeon  is  found  in  that  region. 

PER  and  PUR. 

pei^-fect  per-mh'  pu^-port 

per-jure  per-p\ex  pur-pose 

per-son  per-sist  jwr-chaso 

per-form'  pcr-su&de  pur-\om' 

per-fume  ^er-tain  pur-sue 

EXERCISES    FOR    WFITING. 

The  performance  was  perfect.  He  jpersisted  in  the  pursuit 
1  persuaded  them  to  permit  him.  The  money  was  purloined 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  77 

-Perhaps  the  purveyor's  purpose  was  to  prrplex  them.  They 
/^/•sued  they^rjurer.  The  room  was  perfumed.  They  per- 
secuted him.  lie  purchased  the  perfume. 


CAUTIONS   AGAINST   MISTAKES    OFTEN 
MADE   IN   SPELLING. 


nec'-es-sa-ry    .........  one  c. 

ad-dress'    ...........  two  d's. 

ex-pe-di'-tion  .........  e,  not  i. 

col'-lege    ...........  no  d. 

po-ny  .............  no  e. 

a-gree'-a-ble    .........  two  e's. 

priv'-i-lege  ..........  no  d. 

ac-knowl'-edge  ........  put  in  d. 

pos-sess'       ..........  four  s's. 

sepx-a-rate    .........  ,  a,  not  e 

a-part'-ment    .........  one  p. 

as-sas-sin     ..........  four  s's. 

cres'-cent     ..........  sc,  not  ss. 

dipA-thong  ..........  ph,  notp  alone. 

tro^^?-sers      .  *  .........  w,  not  u. 

schism          ..........  mind  ch. 

pon'-iard      ..........  no  «  after  o. 

mis'-rte-toe  ..........  put  in  t. 

par-ox-ysm  ..........  y,  not  i. 

sy-non'-y-mous  ........  2/' 


N6rE  TO  TEACUKUS.  Tlie  spelling  of  these  words  should  be 
thoroughly  committed  to  memory,  and  the  mistakes  which  are  fre- 
quently made  pointed  out  by  the  learner.  Other  words,  in  which 
mistakes  are  liable  to  be  made,  should  be  selected  by  the  teacher. 

r* 


T8  THE    SPELLING-BOOK 

EXKRCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  put  the  address.  An  nptflltlon  U. 
the  North  Pole.  My  cousin  is  at  college.  lie  has  the  privi- 
lege of  riding  the  pony.  I  acknowledge  my  fault.  He  is  an 
agreeable  man.  They  possess  much  property.  The  apart- 
ments are  separated  hy  a  thin  division.  He  was  stabbed  by 
an  assassin.  The  Turkish  crescent  and  Turkish  trowsers. 
A  schism  in  the  church.  In  a  paroxysm  of  rage,  he  snatched 
up  SL  poniard.  The  Druids  reverenced  the  mistletoe.  Synony- 
mous words  have  nearly  the  same  meaning.  A  cKphtkimg  is 
a  double  vowel. 

ba'-sm      t,  not  o. 

stadt'-hold-er     put  in  d. 

as-cer-tain'      put  in  c. 

choc'-o-late     one  c. 

conscience ^.  .  .  sc,  not  sh. 

dis-suade'       ........  two  s's. 

em-bar'-rass   . two  r's ;  two  s's. 

ex-cres-cence sc,  not  ss. 

fa-ce-tious c,  not  5. 

for'-eign one  r. 

grid'-i-ron one  d. 

prac-tis-es 5,  not  c 

gym-nas^tics     y,  not  i. 

i-rasx-ci-ble  .  .  . one  r ;  sc,  not  ss. 

re-ceive' ei,  not  ie. 

be-licve     ie,  not  cf. 

de-c^Ve eit  not  ie. 

re-pneve  , fe,  not  ei. 

NOTE  TO  TEACHERS.  The  terminations  eive  and  ter0  have  both  the 
same  sounds.  The  learner  should  be  told  that  when  the  letter  c  pre- 
cedes the  termination,  it  is  spelled  eive ;  as,  conceive,  deceive,  &c. ;  but 
if  any  other  consonant  precede,  it  is  spelled  ieve ;  as,  believe,  achieve. 
griere,  &c.  Nouns  derived  from  these  verbs  take  the  same  form  ;  as 
conceit,  deceit;  belief,  achwwement,  grief,  8ic, 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  7(J 

EXERCISE?    FOR    WRITING. 

The  stadtholder  ascertained  the  cause  of  discontent.  Put 
the  chocolate  into  the  basin.  I  could  riot,  in  conscience^  dis- 
suade him  from  it.  He  is  embarrassed  in  his  affairs.  An 
excrescence  grew  from  the  tree.  A  man  of  facetious  conver- 
sation. He"r  manners  are  fascinating.  Foreign  climates. 
Meat  is  broiled  on  a  gridiron.  He  practises  gymnastics. 
His  temper  was  irascible.  I  believe  he  received  a  reprieve  to 
deceive  the  enemy. 

har'-ass one  r ;  two  s's. 

hy-dro-p^o'-bia y,  not  i;  ph,  not  /. 

is'-lan-der '.  put  in  s. 

lun'-cheon not  shun. 

mis'-chze-vous put  in  i. 

napA'-tha ph,  not  /. 

op/i-thal'-mi-a ph,  not  /. 

or'-cAes-tre     . cA,  not  k. 

pas'-sion ss,  not  sh. 

rAi-noc'-e-ros put  in  h ;  c,  not  s. 

pu-siZ-fcw'-i-mous two  Z's ;  one  n. 

quar7-reZ-Zing two  r's ;  two  F s. 

res-er-voir one  s. 

sub-ter-ra^ne-an two  r's. 

ty-pog-'-ra-phy y,  not  i  ;  one  g. 

hy-ee'-na CB  diphthong. 

co-a-lesce7 sc,  not  ss. 

cauMi-flow-er au,  not  o. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

He  died  of  hydrophobia.  I  am  harassed  in  mind.  They 
were  hardy  islanders.  Will  you  take  some  luncheon  1  A 
mischievous  boy.  Naphtha  smells  disagreeably.  He  suffers 
from  ophthalmia.  The  orchestre  plays  too  loud.  He  is  in  a 
passion.  The  rhinoceros  is  dangerous.  The  pusillanimous 
are  weak-minded.  They  are  always  quarrelling.  A  rcser- 


BO 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


txwr  of  water.     A  subterranean  passage.     A  fine  specimen 
of  typography.     The  hyaena  is  fierce.     Two  vowels  which 
\ct  form  a  diphthong.     The  cauliflmrcr  is  a  wholesome 
vegetable. 


WORDS    IN    WHICH    THE    SPELLING    DIF 
FERS    WIDELY   FROM    THE    PRONUNCIA- 
TION. 


The    termination    UGH  has  as  many  as   ten  different  pio- 

nunciations. 


laugh     , 

cough 

trough 

clough 

chough 

slough 

e-nough 

rough 

tough 

thor'-owgh  \ 


.  .  .  rhymes  with    ....      staff. 
.  .  .  rhyme  with off. 

.  .  .  rhyme  with stuff* 


bor-o?/gh 
dough 
though 
al-though' 
fur'-lough  , 
bough 
plough 
slough 
lough  .  .  .  . 
hic'-cough  .  . 
through  .  .  . 
us'Kjue-baugh 


>   .  .  .  .  pron.  the  u  as  in    ...  bud, 


.  .  .  rhyme  with so 


.  .  .  rhyme  with how. 


.  .  .  rhymes  with dock 

.  .  .  rhymes  with  ....  cup. 

.   ,  .  rhymes  with true. 

.  ,  .  rhymes  with saw 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  81 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

When  the  horse  has  drunk  enough  from  the  trough,  lead 
him  through  the  garden.  The  chough  and  crow  t )  roost  have 
gone.  Do  not  laugh ;  it  will  make  you  cough.  We  had  a 
rough  ride  to  the  borough.  A  tough  steak.  The  serpent  has 
cast  his  slough.  A  thorough  cleansing.  The  usquebaugh 
made  him  hiccough.  The  soldier  obtained  his  furlough. 
Knead  the  dough.  The  barge  is  on  the  lough.  Though 
almost  drowned,  he  got  out  of  the  slough  by  catching  at  a 
bough.  Speed  the  plough. 


bus'-y    ......  rhymes  with  .......  dizzy. 

bur-y  .......      rhymes  with  .......  merry 


, 
J>  .......  pronounce  5  as  sh. 

sine    ) 

quay  ........  rhymes  with  .......  key. 

gal-leon'  ......  rhymes  with  .......  balloon. 

nepA'-ew  ......  ph  as  v. 

peo-pie  .......  eo  as  ee. 

gaol    ......  r.  .  rhymes  vith  .......  male. 

goal    ........  rhymes  with  .......  hole. 


'          -,    >    .  .  .  .  eop  as  ep. 
jeop'-ar-dyj 

as  ds 


ro/'-o-nel pron.  as kernel 

eo/'-an-der col  as cull. 

corps pron.  as core. 

hri-/*ous  .....   .  ein  as  am  in  .  ,  rain. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Are  you  sure  you  have  sug.ir  in  your  coffee?     My  nephew 

is  busy.     The  quay  is  crowded   with  people.     The  colonel 

ordered  a  corps  of  men  to  guard  the  prisoners  to  gaol     The 

Spanish  galleon  was  in  jeopardy       Bury   animosity.     The 

6 


32  THE     SHKLLINO  'BOOK. 

horse  reached  the  goal.  Do  not  exaggerate.  What  does  he 
suggest?  A  heinous  crime.  The  water  fluws  through  the 
colander.  The  spotted  leopard. 


prow? -ess ow  as oh. 

rail'-le-ry rhymes  witli gallery. 

:it   .   ...  ieu  as  ef. 
gro-tesqne'      *} 

bur-lesque       ^ .  .  .  sque  as  sk. 
pic'-tu-res<7t/ej 

j"«!3£j} aun  M  an  in i)!:mt- 

nt£f-sance nui  as new. 

ser-geant ser  as  sar. 

wom'-en wnm  as  wim. 

half-pen-ny  ....  half  as hay. 

guin'-ea rhymes  with ninny 

co-coa a  not  sounded. 

pa-lan-^mi7   ....  quin  as keen. 

co^-ni-zance    .  .  .   g  silent. 

czar put  in  c. 

czar-zv-na i  as  e. 

yacht rhymes  with not. 

phthis'-ic rhymes  with physic. 

phlegm ph  as  /;  g  not  sounded. 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The   lieutenant   was  angry  at  the  raillery  of  the  innnni. 
The  sergeant  took  no  cognizance  of  this  act.     Give  this  ha[f 
penny  to  the  boy  in  the  laundry.     The  cocoa  cost  a  gninm. 
He  cuts  a  grotesque  figure  in  his  palanquin.      lie  caught 
the  jaundice.     The  nuisance  is  abated.     RcnmviKnl  for  hia 
prowess.     A   picturesque  scene.     A   burlesque  poem. 
czar  and  czarina  were  both  present.     The  yarht  Moated   in 
the  bay.     He  is  sick  with  the  phthisic.     He  cannot   n 
the  phlegm. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOR. 


83 


DIFFICULT    WORDS,    WITHOUT    REGARD 
TO   CLASSIFICATION. 


a-beyx-ance 

ac-quaint-ance   • 

as-suage7 

as-say 

a7-pron 

ar-raign7 

ac-coux-tre 

ac-cruex 

ac-qui-esce7 

av-oir-du-pois' 

arx-c  hives 

acx-ces-sa-ry 

ac-ces-so-ry 

acx-me 

adx-e-quate 

ad-ju-tant 

al-che-my 

al-co-hol 

a-nathx-e-ma 

aqx-ue-duct 

as-phalx-tic 

av'-e-nue 

ab-stex-mi-ous 


a-chieve7 

a-chieve^ment 

al-le-gi-ance 

al-lex-gro 

amx-ber-gris 

an-tique7 

ap-pre7-ci-ate 

as-sign-ee7 

a-sy7-lum 

am-phib7-i-ous 

an-tip7-o-des 

an-cho7-vy 

av7-er-age 

a-nom7-a-ly 

au7-to-graph 

a-cu7-men 

a-dieu7 

av7-a-rice 

ab-scind7 

awk7-ward 

a-thwart7 

ap-plause 

a-gliast 


bruise 

buoy7-ant 

bur7-i-al 

busi'-ness 

bronze 

bay7-o-net 

brax-zier 

bde!7-li-um 

bro-cade7 

bar7-gain 

ba-zaar7 

ban7-quet 

bach7-e-lcr 

bal-cox-ny 

bat-tal-ion 

bawx-ble 

be-queath7 

blas-pheme 

bo-hea 

bom-ba-zine 

bag-a-telle 

bru-nette7 

ban-dit7-ti 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


He  met  with  an  acquaintance.  The  lee  simple  of  land  is 
often  held  in  abeyance.  His  grief  was  assuaged.  The 
criminal  was  arraigned.  He  acquiesced  in  the  decision.  An 
accessary  before  the  crime.  Adequate  ideas  The  acme  of 


81  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

ambition.  A  great  achievement.  Amphibious  .mimals  An 
asylum  for  the  blind.  Anomaly,  a  deviation  from  the  com- 
mon rule.  Autograph,  a  person's  own  handwriting.  Adieu, 
farewell.  Athtra>'t  the  path.  The  burial  of  the  dead.  The 
•oldier  lost  his  bayonet.  Antique  figures.  He  came  to  the 
bantjmt.  I  saw  him  on  the  balcony.  He  wa0  attacked  by 
the  banditti.  A  bombazine  dress.  Do  not  blaspheme. 


be-trothx 
brogue 
breakx-fast 

cha-grin7 
cha-mex-le-on 
cam'-o-mile 

buf-foonx 

char-ac-ter 

be-hove 

chor-is-ter 

beau'-ty 
beau'-te-ous 

cinque 
coch-i-nealx 

be-dewx 

caP-dron 

bi-tux-men 
bux-gle 
breathe 

col-league 
con-dui 
cai-tifF 

bur7-gla-ry 
busx-tie 

cham-pagnex 
colx-ter 

bull-ion 

cui-rassx 

buf-fa-io 
ba-rilMa 
burghx-er 

cri-tique 
cupx-board 
cray-on 



cro-sier 

ca-noe7 

catx-e-chism 

ca-price 
cap-u-chin7 
catx-a-logue 
cat-e-chism 

cruise 
con-gealx 
col-on-nade7 
car-touch7 

caux-ter-ize 

con-de-scend 

co-quettex 

cor-vette 

celx-e-ry 

cen-o-taj)h 

crevx-ice 

cli-max 

com-peerx 

chyle 

ca-pitx-u-late 

ce-dilx-la 

cen-trifx-u-ga] 

cen-trip-e-tal 

cha-lyb-e-ate 

Co-chit-u-ate 

chemx-ist 

chrysx-a-lis 

cirx-cuit 

con-tigx-u-ous 

carx-ti-iage 

camx-phene 

crotchx-et 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 


The  man  was  betrothed.  He  spoke  in  a  brogue.  His 
cheeks  were  bedewed  with  tears.  Bitumen,  a  kind  of  pitch. 
He  was  convicted  of  burglary.  The  debt  was  paid  in  bull* 
ion.  The  Indian  crossed  the  lake  in  his  canoe  A  catalogue 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  Oft 

of  books.  He  preferred  cocoa  to  champagne.  The  enemy 
capitulated.  Chalybeate  waters.  Cochituate  water.  Celery, 
a  wholesome  vegetable.  Two  contiguous  bodies.  The 
scholars  all  recited  a  lesson  from  the  Catechism.  The  circuit 
of  the  earth.  Corvette,  a  kind  of  vessel.  The  money 
was  found  in  a  crevice.  Centrifugal  force.  The  wound 
w;is  cauterized.  Camomile,  a  kind  of  herb.  A  conduit 
pipe  Chrysalis,  the  form  of  insects  before  they  become 
wingfd. 


dahx-lia 

deb-o-nair7 

de-mesne7 

dauntx-ed 

docx-ile 

de-faultx-er 

de-prex-ci-ate 

dex-vi-ous 

dem-a-gogue 

des-ue-tude 

dearth 

di-shev'-el 

du'-en-na 

di-a-logue 

di-a-phragm 

dis-suax-sive 

di-lem-ma 

disx-so-riant 

dis-sylMa-ble 

disx-tich 


dys7-en-ter-y 

dis-em-bogue7 

dog7-ger-el 

dux-ress 

dis-com7-fit 

dromx-e-da-ry 

doub'-le 

dough-ty 

drought 

doubt7-ful 

dow-ry 

em-balm7 

ec7-logue 

es-cutchx-eon 

earx-nest 

ex-cheqx-uer 

ex-cres-cence 

en-am-or 

e-nor-mous 


en-dorsex-ment 

e-gre-gious 

em-py-rex-an 

e-thex-re-al 

ef-fer-vesce 

emx-pha-sis 

en-deavx-or 

epx-i-logue 

ep-i-sode 

e-clipsex 

el-lipse 

e-lec-tricx-i-ty 

ex-hilx-a-rate 

et-y-molx-o-gy 

ec-lec'-tic 

en-due7 

es-chew 

eux-cha-rist 

eu-pho-ny 

es-pouse' 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Dahlia,  a  kind  of  plant.  The  cashier  was  a  defaulter. 
The  paper  depreciated.  Words  are  lost  by  desuetude.  Her 
hair  was  dishevelled.  Dissonant  notes.  Rivers  disembogue 
into  the  ocean.  Joshua  discomfited  Ainalek.  Doubtful  pro- 
ceedings The  criminal  was  kept  in  duress.  An  exagger- 
8 


86 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


ated  account.  An  egregious  blunder.  He  eschews  evil. 
The  moon  was  eclipsed.  The  poet  wrote  in  doggerel  rhyme. 
The  rfymology  of  words.  The  eucharist  was  celebrated. 
The  king's  exchequer.  I  will  endeavor  to  use  the  proper 
emphasis.  The  endorsement  was  made.  He  was  endued 
\\ith  knowkdge.  Epilogue,  a  poem  at  the  end  of  a  play. 
Episode,  an  incidental  narrative. 


heax-then 
handler-chief 

ha-rangue7 

hearse 

heifx-er 

hy-drauMic 

lii-ax-tus 

harx-le-quin 

harp-si-chord 

haunch 

hearth 

hearkx-en 

halx-cy-on 

halx-liard 

hox-li-ness 

hy-mex-ne-al 

ho-mo-gex-ne-o  us 

heathx-er 

hy-phen 

hi-e-ro-giyphx-ic 

hetx-er-o-dox 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

The  fabric  was  destroyed.  He  suffered  great  fatigue 
The  plan  was  feasible.  Filagree  work.  The  soldier  had  a 
furlough.  Flageolet,  a  musical  instrument.  A  fierce,  ani- 
mal. The  king  enriched  his  treasures  by  forfeitures.  The 
feudal  system.  Galiot,  a  Dutch  vessel.  Galochr,  a  kind  «>f 
over-shoe  He  played  on  the  guitar.  A  gluttonous  man. 


fubx-ric 

gauge 

fa-tigue7 

gaunt 

feax-si-ble 

guile 

fil-a-gree 

glutx-ton-ous 

flag-eo-let7 

gunx-wale  > 

flamx-beau 

gun-nel      $ 

tbr-feit 

gym-nasx-tic 

fur-lough 

gayx-e-ty 

flaunt 

gauntx-let 

falx-chion 

guarx-di-an 

fraught 

gui-tar7 

falx-con 

granx-de  ur 

fierce 

graph-ic 

fi-nesse7 

grieve 

forx-feit-ure 

gorx-geous 

fron-tier7 

govx-ern-ment 

feux-dal 

gam-boge7 



gamx-bol 

grouse 

ga-zette7 

galx-iot 

glu7-ti-nous 

ga-loche' 

glimpse 

TIIK    SPELLING-BOOK. 


87 


He  made  a  harangue  to  the  people.  A  hydraulic  machine. 
Halcyon  days.  Homogeneous  particles.  He  caught  a  glimpse 
of  the  thief.  The  grandeur  of  the  mountains.  The  lady 
dropped  her  handkerchief. 


hid'-e-ous 

hyp-o-crite 

hys'-sop 

ho-sier 

hy-dro-pho7-bi-a 

hom'-i-cide 

ho-mol7-o-gous 

hy-poth-e-sis 

hur'-ri-cane 

haiigh7-ty 

m-trigue7 

in-veigh 

in-vei7-gle 

in-stal-ment 

in-thral7 

ir-re-triev7-a-ble 

i7-ci-cle 

il-lic7-it 

im-bue7 


jav7-e-lin 
jaun7-dice 
jui-cy 
jaunt 

Iaugh7-ter 

1  aim -dry 

league 

Ieis7-ure 

lat'-i-tude 

lon-gi-tude 

lus-tre 

lair 

Iau7-guage 

lan-guor 

lac'-er-ate 

lawn 

liMac 

le-vi'-a-than 

liqx-ue-fy 


Iin7-c-a-mcnt 

lin'-guist 

loathe 

lau'-da-num 

laux-rel 

log'-a-rithms 

loz'-enge 

lounge 

mas-quer-ade7 

mis-cel-la7-ne-ous 

ma-chine7 

ma-chin7-er-y 

mag-a-zine7 

ma-noeu7-vre 

ma-rine7 

mar-quee 

mas7-sa-cre 

mau'-gre 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

A  hideous  sight.  The  hope  of  the  hypocrite  shal.  perish. 
The  hyssop  on  the  wall.  Hydrophobia,  a  terrible  disease. 
He  committed  homicide.  Homologous  sides.  Hypothesis^ 
something  assumed.  A  haughty  tyrant.  He  was  accused  of 
intrigue.  The  author  i nvcighed  sharply  against  the  vices  of 
the  age.  The  hunter  was  in  jeopardy  of  his  life.  "  I  sliced 
the  luncheon  from  the  barley  loaf."  He  was  a  fine  linguist. 
Leviathan,  a  monster  of  the  sea.  Miscellaneous  matter. 
The  child  took  laudanum.  The  leopard  lay  down  in  his 
Marine  substances.  Complicated  machinery. 


88 


Tin:     SPKLLING-BOOK. 


mct-a-nn>r'-]>hose 

inech'-an-ism 

inin'-i-a-li; 

mel'-an-chol-y 

mosque 

moult 

mal  -le-a-Me 

inas-tiff 

me-chaii'-ic 

mo-las-ses 

nia-rau-der 

inawk'-ish 

metx-a-phor 

niau-so-le'-um 

mea'-sles 


mo-reen' 

met-a-phys'-i-eal 

mez-zo-tm'-to 

mac-a-ro'-ni 

mne-mon'-ics 

ma-hog'-a-ny 

neu-tral-i-ty 


nour'-ish 

mi-tri'-tious 

nau'-se-ate 

nau'-seous 

nan'-ti-cal 

nan'-kiii 

niece 

noth-ing 

niche 

ni'-tre 

ne-gox-ti-ate 

neux-ter 

o-be^di-ence 

ob'-sta-cle 

oak'-um 

ob'-lo-quy 

ob-tuse7 

ox-di-ous 

pasx-chal 

pla-gny 

porx-jjoise 


- 
pro-vi^ 

par-a-phrr-naMi-a 

pa'-tri-aivli 

per- 

pe-ru'-sal 

praix-rie 

pa-vil'-iou 

jjar'-al-lel 

proc'-ess 

pen'-ta-tcuch 

pew'-trr 

prod-uce 

pie-bald 

pique 

pi-quant' 


ple-beMan 

pleu'-ri-sy 

phra-se-ol'-o-gy 

port-man'-teau 

phi-lan'-thro-py 

phys-i-oP-o-gy 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Miniature,  a  picture  in  a  small  compass.  They  pre- 
served a  strict  neutrality  throughout  the  war.  Alosyue,  a 
Mohammedan  temple.  Malleable  iron.  Mastiff,  a  kind  of 
dog.  Mechanic  arts.  The  marauder  was  detected  and  con- 
victed. Mischievous  boys.  Metaphysical  reasoning.  Mez- 
zotinto,  a  particular  kind  of  engraving.  Mahogany,  a  kind 
of  wood.  He  wished  to  negotiate  a  loan.  The  pas(  h<il 
iamb.  A  piebald  horse.  Portmanteau,  a  bag  for  carrying 
apparel.  "  Let  that  plebeian  talk."  He  died  of  the  pit  u- 
risy.  The  extensive  prairies  of  the  West.  He  rendered 
t  ah,  f Hence  to  the  laws.  The  phraseology  was  correct- 
Nuutical  terms 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


80 


pros'-e-lyte 

purMieu 

per'-se-cute 

por-phy-ry 

per-se-vere' 

pierce 

pan-e-gyr'-ist 

pig'-eon 

pro-logue 

pur'-sui-vant 

phys-i-og'-no-my 

post'-hu-mous 

quoit 

quan-da'-ry 

quaint 

qua-drille' 

qui-es'-cent 

qualm'-ish 

quo-tid'-i-an 

quer'-u-lous 

quar-an-tine' 


ru'-mi-nate 

ri-val-ry 

realm 

re-con-noi'-tre 

res'-cue 

rig'-or-ous 

rou-tine' 

re-lieve 

re-<Jruit 

scep7-tre 

sched-ule 

scythe 

sepx-ul-chre 

sub-ju-gate 

sieve 

sluice 

surx-feit 

symp-tom 

ship- wreck 

shad-ow 

sery-vice-a-ble 


pcis'-sors 

syc'-a-more 

syc-o-phaiit 

syn-a-gogue 

syrx-inge 

sur-tout7 

scho'-li-um 

solMier 

shoul-der 

sub-al^tern 

scourge 

shrewd 

taint 

trait 

tar-pau'-Jin 

thwart 

thral'-dom 

tierce 

temp-ta'-tion 

te-na-cious 

threatx-en 


EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

He  made  proselytes  in  the  purlieus  of  the  city  He  was 
t  panegyrist  of  the  people.  Pursuivants  are  junior  officers 
in  the  Heralds'  College.  Posthumous  praise.  He  came  to 
Che  rescue.  He  exhibited  a  schedule  of  goods.  A  pair  of 
tcissors.  A  Jewish  synagogue.  There  were  symptoms  of  a 
fever.  A  terrific  scourge.  He  lived  in  thraldom.  A  tierce 
of  rice.  Recruits  were  enlisted.  His  shoulder  was  dislo- 
cated. The  temptation  was  resisted.  The  advice  was  ser- 
viceable. He  was  very  tenacious  of  his  rights.  He  directed 
the  subaltern  to  reconnoitre  the  enemy's  camp. 

8* 


00 


THK    SPELLING-BOOK. 


PROPER  NAMES  OF  PERSONS. 


Aa'-ron 

A-bel 

A-bix-el 

A-bi-jah 

Abx-ner 

Ad-am 

A'-bra-ham 

A-dolx-phus 

Alx-bert 

Al-ex-anx-der 

Alx-fred 

Al-phex-us 

Ax-mos 

Am'-a-sa 

Am'-brose 

An-drew 

An'-tho-ny 

Ar-te-mas 

A-polx-los 

Arx-thur 

A-sa 

A-saph 

Ash-er 

Au-gusx-tus 

Az-a*rix-ah 

Barx-na-bas 

Bar-zilx-lai 

BeMa 


MEN'S  NAMES. 

Ben'-ja-min 

Ben-e-dict 

Be-nox-ni 

Be-ri-ah 

Be-thu-el 

Ca7-leb 

Cal-vin 

Ca-milMus 

Cex-phas 

Charles 

Chrisx-to-pher 

Clemx-ent 

Cy-rus 


E-lix-sha 

K-lix-pha-)et 

Ex-noch 

E-nos 

Ex-phra-im 

E-rasx-tus 

E^than 

Eu-genex 

E-zex-ki-el 

Ezx-ra 

Ferx-di-nand 

Franx-cis 

Fredx-er-ic 


Danx-iel 
Da-rix-us 

George 
Gerx-shom 

Dax-vid 

Gregx-o-ry 
Gid-e-on 

Eb-f7n-ex-zer 

Gil-bert 

Etf-mund 

Gus-tax-vus 

Ed-  ward 

Eg-bert 
E-le-ax-zar 

Henx-ry 
Her-mon 

E-lix-ab 

Hez-e-kix-ah 

E-lix-a-kim 

Hix-ram 

E-lix-as 

Hor-ace 

E-li-liu 

Ho-rax-tio 

E-li-jah 

Ho-se-a 

THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


91 


Hugh 
Hum'-phrey 

Lo-am'-mi 
Lux-cius 
Luke 

Ralph 
Reux-ben 
Ru-el 

Ich'-a-bod 
Ig-na'-tius 
Lx-ra 

Lux-ther 
Ma-nox-ah 

Rho-dolx-phus 
Richx-ard 
Rob-ert 

I-saac 

Marx-cus 

Row-land 

Isx-ra-el 

Mark 
MarMin 

Roy-al 
Ru-fus 

Tax-cob 

Ma7-son 

Ja-bez 

Matx-thew 

Salomon 

Jai-rus 

Mat-thix-as 

Sam-son 

James 

Mix-cah 

Samx-u-el 

Jax-red 

Mi^cha-el 

Saul 

Ja-son 

Mouses 

Seth 

Jed-e-dix-ah 

SiMas 

Jephx-thah 
Jer-e-mix-ah 

Nax-hum 
Na-than 

Si-mon 
Simx-e-on 

Jerx-e-my 
Jerx-ome 
Jes-se 
Je-thro 
Jo-el 

Nar-cisx-sus 
Na-than^i-el 
Ne-he-mix-ah 
Nichx-o-las 
Nox-ah 

Sol-o-mon 
Stex-phen 
Syl-vax-nus 
Syl-ves-ter 

John 

Thad-dex-us 

Jo'-nah 

O'-bed 

Thex-o-dore 

Jo-nas 
Jonx-a-than 

Oc-ta'-vi-us 
OlM-ver 

The-ophx-i-lus 
Thomx-as 

Jox-seph 
Joshx-u-a 

Ox-tis 

Timx-o-thy 
Tix-tus 

Jo-six-ah 

Patx-rick 

JuMi-us 

Paul 

U-rix-ah 

Lazx-a-rus 

PeMeg 
Pe-rez 

WaP-ter 

Lan^rens 

Pe-ter 

Will-iam 

Leb-bex-us 

Phi-lan^der 

Lem'-u-el 
Lex-vi 

Phil'-ip 
Phi-lo 

Zabx-di-el 
Zech-a-rix-ah 

Lew-is 

Phii^-e-as 

Zac-chex-us 

Lloyd 

Phi-le'-mon 

Zachx-a-ry 

THE     SPKLI.ISfi-BOOR.. 


• 

WOMEN'S    NAMES. 

Ab'-i-gail 
Alx-ice 

Emx-ma 
Eu-nice 

Lou-i'-s-'i 
Lu-cin-«la 

A-man'-da 

Lu-cre7-  tia 

A-mex-lia 
Au'-na 
Aune 

Franx-ces 
Fan-ny 

Lux-cy 
Lydx-i-a 

Au-gus'-ta 
Caj^-o-line 

HanMiah 
Harx-ri-et 
Helx-en 

Mar'-ga-ret 
Max-ry 
Mar-tha 

Cath-a-rine 

Hen-ri-et'-ta 

Charlotte 
Chris-tix-na 

Is-a-belMa 

Nan'-cy 

Clar'-is-sa 

Rax-chel 

Clem-en-tix-na 

Jane 

Re-bec'-ca 

Cor-neMia 

JuMia 

Sax-rah 

Elx-ea-nor 
E-lizx-a-beth 

La-vinx-i-a 
Laux-ra 

So-phix-a 
Sux-san 

NAMES    OP    THE    MONTHS. 


1  Jan'-u-a-ry 

2.  Feb'-ru-a-ry 

3.  March 

4.  A'-pril 


5.  May 

6.  June 

7.  Ju-ly' 

81  Aux-gust 


9.  Sep-tem  -ber 

10.  Oc-tox-ber 

11.  No-vemx-ber 

12.  De-cemx-ber 


NAMES    OF    THE    DAYS. 


1.  Sun'-day 

2.  Monx-day 

3.  Tnesx-day 


4.  Wednes'-day 

5.  Thursday 


6.  Frix-day 
7    Saf-ur-day 


THE     SPELL1NOBOOR.  93 


ORIGIN    OF    ENGLISH    DERIVATIVES. 


A  large  class  of  English  words  are  derivatives,  which  are 
formed  chiefly  by  attaching  to  the  root,  or  essential  part  of  a 
word,  certain  PREFIXES  and  AFFIXES. 

A  PREFIX  is  a  particle  placed  before  a  root,  to  vary  its 
sense;  as,  suPERstructure ;  REbuild. 

An  AFFIX  is  a  particle  added  to  the  root,  to  vary  its  signifi- 
cation ;  as,  plentiruL ;  darkisn. 

LATIN  PREFIXES. 
A,  AB,  ABS,  signify  from,  or  away ;  as, 


Avert,  to  turn  from. 
ABStain,  to  keep  from. 


ABSolve,  to  release  from. 
A  Eduction,  carrying  away. 


AD  signifies  to;  wnich,  for  the  sake  of  euphony,  assumes 
the  forms  of  A,  AC,  AF,  AG,  AL,  AN,  AP,  AR,  AS,  AT  ;  as, 


ADhere,  to  stick  to. 
Accede,  to  come  to,  (to  as- 
sent.) 

vogress,  to  go  to  or  against. 
ANnex,  to  join  to. 
Assume,  to  take  to. 


Ascribe,  to  give  to. 
Arfix,  to  fix  to. 
ALlude,  to  advert  to. 
Append,  to  hang  to. 
ATtract,  to  draw  to 


AM  signifies  round  about.     AM,  for  the  sake  of  euphony, 
assumes  the  form  of  AMB  ;  as,  AMuient. 


AMsition,    a    going    about, 
(ieeking  honor, 


AMputate,  to  cut  round  or 
off. 


91 


THE     SPELLING -BOOK.. 


ANTE  signifies  before.     The  E  is  sometimes  changed  into 
i :  as,  ANTicipate. 


,  before  the  pe- 
nult. 

AN  n;  11  urn! ane,    before    the 
world. 

Bis,  in,  sigfify  two;  as, 

Bisect,  to  cut  into  two. 
Biscuit,    baked    twice,   (or 
very  hard.) 


ANTEcedent,    going    before. 
ANTEdiluvian,     before     the 
flood. 


Biped,  an  animal  with  twv 
feet 


CIRCUM,  CIRCU,  signify  about,  or  around;  as, 


ciRCUMJacent,  lying  around. 
ciRCUMiiavigate,      to      sail 
around. 


ciRcuIate,  to  carry  around. 
ciRcuMscribe,      to       write 
around. 


Cis  signifies  on  this  side ;  as, 

cisalpine,  on  this  side  of  the     |     cisatlantic,  on  this  side  of 
Alps. 


CON  (cum)  signifies  with, 
of  euphony,  assumes  the  form 

coNCur,  to  agree  with: 

coNstruct,  to  build  together. 

coNvoke,  to  call  together. 

coNCourse,  a  running  to- 
gether. 

cooper  ate,  to  work  with. 

coheir,  a  joint  heir,  or  with 
another. 

cocnate,  bern  together. 

coMmotion,  a  moving  to- 
gether. 

COM  position,  a 'putting  to- 
gether 


the  Atlantic. 

or  together ;  and,  for  the  sake 
of  co,  COG,  COL,  COM,  COR  ;  as, 

coMpassion,  suffering  with 
another. 

coMmerce,  trading  together. 

coRroborate,  to  make  strong 
together. 

coRrelative,  relative  with. 

coNCUSsion,  a  shaking  to- 
gether. 

coNvene,  to  come  together. 

coNtract,  to  draw  together 

coNform,  to  comply  with. 

coequal,  equal  with 

cohere,  to  stick  together. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


95 


CENTRA  (sometimes  COUNTER)  signifies  against,  as, 


coNTRAdict,  to  speak  against. 
couNTERmarch,     marching 
back. 


coNTRAposition,   a  position 

against. 
couNTERact,  to  act  against. 


DE  signifies  from,  down,  or  of;  as, 


DEscend,  to  come  down. 
DF.ject,  to  cast  down. 
DKscribe,  to  write  of. 


DEpart,  to  part  from. 
DEtain,  to  keep^rom. 
DEtract,  to  draw  J ram. 


Dis,  DI,  signify  asunder,  apart,  away,  off ;  and  also  im- 
ply privation,  undoing,  and  negation.  Dis  has  also  the 
form  of  DIP  ;  as,  Dirfuse. 


Discover,   to   take   off   the 

cover. 

Distract,  to  draw  asunder. 
Disbelieve,  not  to  believe. 
Diverge,  to  recede  from. 


E,  EX,  signify  out  of;  and  sometimes  take  the  forms  of  EC 
and  EF;  as,  Eccentric,  Erflux. 


Disjoin,  to  separate. 
Disorder,  to  take  away  order. 
Dispel,  to  drive  asunder. 
Dishonest,  not  honest. 
Divert,  to  turn  away. 
Disarm,  to  take 


Eject,  to  cast  out. 
Emit,  to  send  out. 


Exclude,  to  shut  out. 
Educe,  to  bring  out. 


EXTRA  signifies  beyond;   as,    EXTRAordinary,  beyond  ordi- 
nary. 

IN,  before  a  verb,  signifies  in,  into ;  before  an  adjective, 
not .     IN  is  changed  into  IG,  IB,  IM,  IR  ;  as, 


iNJect,  to  throw  in  or  into. 
iNspire,  to  breathe  into. 
IN  firm, -no*  firm,  weak 
conoble,  not  noble. 
IK  rational,  not  rational 


iNspect,  to  look  into. 
iMport,  to  bring  into. 
iNactive,  not  active. 
iLlegal,  not  legal. 
iMmoral,  not  moral. 


96  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

INTER  signifies  between.     INTER  has  the  form  of  INTEL  , 
as,  iNTELligence,  iNTELlectual. 


iNTERvene,  to  come  between. 
iNTERline,  to  make  lines  be- 


iNTERpose,  to  place  between. 
iNTERsect,  to  cut  between. 


tween. 

INTRO  signifies  to,  within;  as,  iNTRoduce,  to  lead  within. 

JUXTA  signifies  near  to;  as,  JuxTAposition,  being  placed 
near  to  any  thing. 

OB  signifies  in  the  way  of,  against.   The  B  is  also  changed 
into  c,  F,  and  p,  and  is  sometimes  dropped ;  as, 


OBStacle,  something   stand- 
ing in  the  way  of. 
OBJect,  to  urge  against. 
oppose,  to  place  in  the  way. 


occasion,  falling  in  the  way 

of. 

orfehd,  to  strike  against. 
oppress,  to  press  against. 


PER  signifies  through,  thoroughly.      It  has  the  form*  of 
PEL,  POL  ;  as,  FELlucid,  poiJute. 

pKRforate,  to  bore  through.  pERvade,  to  go  through. 

pERfect,  done  thoroughly.  PERUSC,  to  use  through. 


POST  signifies  after ;  as, 

posTdiluvian,  after  the  flood. 
posTScript,  written  after. 

,  or  PRE,  signifies  before. 

pREdict,  to  tell  before. 
pRECursor,    one   who    runs 
before. 


posThumous,    after   one    is 
placed  in  the  ground. 


pREcede,  to  go  before. 
pREfix,  to  fix  before. 


PRJSTER,  or  PRETER,  signifies  past,  or  bey  mid;  as,  PRETER 
natural,  beyond  the  course  of  nature. 

PRO  signifies  for,  forth,  or  forward;  also  instead  of;  a* 


pRononn,  for  a  noun. 
pRoceed,  to  go  before. 


pROvoke,  to  call  forth. 
pRoduce.  to  lead  forth. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOS..  7 

RE  signifies  back  or  again ;  as, 

RKtract,  to  draw  bach  I     REbuild,  to  build  again. 

RE  vert,  to  turn  back.  \     RE  form,  to  form  again. 

RETRO  signifies  backward  ;  as,  RETRospect,  looking  back- 
ward. 

SE  signifies  aside  or  apart.    SE  assumes  D  before  a  vowel ; 
as,  sEoition ;  sEcede,  to  go  apart ;  SEduce,  to  lead  aside. 

SUB  signifies  under  or  after.     SUB  has  also  the  forms  of 
•uc,  SUF,  suo,  SUP,  sus ;  as, 


suBScribe,  to  write  under. 
succeed,  to  go  after. 
suGgest,  to  bring  under,  (to 
hint.) 


suBsequent,  following  after. 
sustain,  to  bear  up  under. 
suspect,  to  look  under. 


SUPER  signifies  above  or  over ;  as,  suPERnumerary,  above 
the  number ;  suPERfine,  overfine. 

TRANS  signifies  beyond  or  over ;  from  one  place  to  another. 
TRANS  has  also  the  forms  of  TRAN  and  TRA  ;  as, 


TRANsport,  to  carry  beyond. 
TRAdition,  delivering  over. 


TRANsgress,  to  go  beyond. 
TRANsfer,  to  carry  over. 


ULTRA  signifies  beyond;  as,  uLTRAmundane,  beyond  the 
world. 

GREEK  PREFIXES. 

A,  or  AN,  signifies  without,  or  privation ;  as,  Apathy,  with- 
out feeling;  ANonymous,  without  a  name;  Abyss,  without  a 
bottom. 

AMPHI  signifies  both,  or  the  two;  as,  AMPinbious,  living  in 
both  elements ;  that  is,  on  land  and  in  water. 

ANA  signifies  through,  up,  or  back;  as,  ANAtomy,  cutting 
lip,  (dissecting  bodies.) 

ANTI   gignifiss  against,  or  opposite  toj    as,  ANTi-Chris- 

•y 


99  THE    SFELLIN»-BtOK. 

tian,  against  Christianity.     ANTI  has  sometimes    the  con- 
Iracted  form  ANT  ;  as,  ANTarctic,  opposite  to  the  arctic 

APO  signifies  from  or  away ;  as,  Apostasy,  a  departure 
from  religion.  APO  has  sometimes  the  contracted  form  of 
AP;  as,  Aphelion,  away  from  the  sun. 

AUTO  signifies  self;  as,  Allograph,  se^-written ;  ALTO- 
Liography,  history  of  one's  self. 

CAT  A  signifies  down  ;  as,  cATArrh,  a  Ho  wing  down,  a  slight 
cold. 

DIA,  DI,  signify  through ;  as,  DiAgonal,  through  a  paral- 
lelogram from  one  angle  to  the  opposite;  DiAineter,  a  line 
passing  through  the  centre  of  a  circle. 

EPI  signifies  upon ;  as,  Epitaph,  upon  a  tombstone ;  F.PI- 
demic,  falling  upon  the  people. 

HYPER  signifies  over  and  above ;  as,  HYPERcritical,  over  or 
too  critical. 

HYPO,  HYP,  signify  under ;  as,  HYPOthesis,  a  placing  under, 
a  supposition;  Hyphen,  (a  joining  of  two  words,)  under 
one 

META,  MET,  signify  change,  beyond;  as,  METAmorphose,  a 
change  of  shape ;  METAphor,  a  carrying  a  word  beyond  its 
proper  or  usual  meaning. 

PARA,  PAR,  signify  beside,  near  to,  or  similar;  as,  PARA- 
graph,  a  writing  beside;  PARallel,  beside  another;  pARhelion, 
near  the  sun ;  PARody,  a  poem  like  or  imitated  from  another. 

PERI  signifies  round  about;  as,  PERiphery,  circumference, 
pERiphrasis,  a  round  about  mode  of  speaking;  a  circumlocu- 
tion. 

SYN  signifies  together,  with.     SYN   has  also  the  forms  st 
SYL,  SYM;  as,  SYMpathy,  suffering  with,  or  compassion;  SYS- 
tem,  standing  together,  (so  as  to  form  a  consistent  whole ;) 
SYtlable,  a  taking  together   (letters  with  the  lips,  to  utter 
them.) 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK  99 

ENGLISH   OR  SAXON  PREFIXES. 

A  signifies  iw,  on,  or  at;  as,  Afoot,  thai  is,  on  foot;  Abed, 
in  bed  ;  Ashore,  on  shore. 

BE  is  merely  the  verb  to  be ;  as,  BEfriend,  to  be  a  friend 
10 ;  BEspeak,  to  speak  or  order  a  thing  to  be;  BEdew,  being 
covered  with  dew.  In  some  words  it  seems  to  be  of  a  dif- 
ferent origin  ;  as,  BEhead,  BEsiege. 

EN  signifies  intinto,  or  on;  as,  ENcamp,  to  form  into  a  camp; 
ENthrone,  to  place  on  a  throne.  EM,  for  EN,  signifies  to  make; 
as,  EMbellish,  to  make  beautiful ;  EMpower,  to  give  power. 

FOR  signifies  negation,  or  not;  as,  FORbid,  to  bid  not}  or  to 
prohibit;  FORget,  not  to  get,  or  have  in  recollection. 

FORE  signifies  before;  as,  FOEEsee,  to  see  before;  FORE- 
runner,  one  who  runs  before. 

IM,  IN,  signify  to  make;  as,  rabitter,  to  make  bitter;  IM> 
poverish,  to  make  poor. 

Mis  signifies  i/Z,  not^  wrong;  as.  Misconduct,  ill  conduct; 
Misfortune,  ill  or  bad  fortune. 

OUT  signifies  excess,  beyond;  as,  ouxrun,  to  surpass  in 
running ;  ouilive,  to  live  beyond. 

x- 

OVER  signifies  above;  as,  ovERflow,  to  flow  above. 

UN  signifies  not ;  as,  UNspeakable,  not  able  to  be  spoken. 

AFFIXES. 

AFFIXES  have,  probably,  in  common  with  PREFIIES,  a 
diversity  of  origin,  but  it  is  more  difficult  to  ascertain  their 
precise  meaning. 

ABLE,  IBLE,  UBLE,  and  ILE,  signify  may  £P,  can  he,  worth} 
of,  or  Jit  to  be;  as, 


portABLE,  that  may  be  carried. 
defeasj«LE,  that  may  be   de- 
fended. 
dociLE,  that  may  be  taught 


dissoluBLE,  that  may  be  dis- 
solved. 

respectABLE,  worthy  of  re- 
spect. 


100 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


ACKOUS  signifies  consisting  of,  resembling  ;  as, 

herbACEOus,   consisting    of          coriACEous,      resembling 
herbs.  I         leather. 

ACY  signifies  being,  state,  or  office ;  as, 


curACY,  the  office  of  a  cu- 
rate. 


accurACY,  being  accurate. 
celibACY,    state    of    being 
single. 

AGE,  ION,  signify  the  act  or  state  of,  the  place  where ;  a?, 


bondAGE,  the  state  of  one 

bound. 
cohesioN,  the  act  or  state 

of  adhering  together. 


anchorAGE,  the  place  where 
ships  are  anchored. 


AN,  Or    IAN,  ANT,  AR,    ARD,    ARY,    ATE,    EE,    EER,    ENT,    ER, 

1ST,  ITE,  IVE,  signify  one  who,  or  the  person  that;  as, 


ChristiAN,  one  who  believes 

in  Christ. 

vagrANT,  one  who  wanders.  ~ 
beggAR,  one  who  begs. 
sluggARD,  one  who  indulges 

in  sloth. 
votARY,  one  who  is  devoted 

to  any  thing. 


advocATE,  one  who  pleads 
the  cause  of  another. 

absents E,  one  who  is  absent, 

patiENT,  one  who  suffers. 

writER,  one  who  writes. 

botanisT,  one  who  is  skilled 
in  botany. 


ANCE,    ANCY,    ENCE    Or    ENCY,    MENT,    MONY,    NESS,    RY,    T, 

TH,  Y,  TUDE,  TY,  or  iTY,  signify  being,  state  of  being;  as, 


vigilANCE,    state    of  being 

vigilant, 
brill iANCY,   state    of  being 

brilliant. 

currENCY,  being  current, 
p  at i ENCE,  the  state  of  being 

patient. 
contentMENT,  state  of  being 

content. 
ncriMONY,  the  state  of  being 

sharp. 


happiNESs,  the  state  of  be- 
ing happy 

braveRY,  being  brave. 

heighT,  being  high. 

youTH,  being  young. 

jealousY,  being  jealous. 

multiTUDE,  being  many. 

probabiliTY,  state  of  being 
probable. 

laxiTY,  state  of  being  loosa 


THE  SPELLING-BOOB:. 


1C  . 


CLE,  CULE,  LING,  OCR,  signify  little,  small;   as, 


canticLfi,  a  little  song. 
ariinialcuLE,  a  small  animal. 


gosLiNG,  a  young  goose. 
hillocK,  a  little  hill. 


,  affixed  to  verbs,  EN,  FY,  ISH,  IZE,  ISE,  signify  to  make, 
to  give ;  as, 


renovATE,    to     make     new 

again. 

gladdEN,  to  make  glad. 
puriFY,  to  make  pure. 


publisn,  to  faake  public. 
civihzE,  to  make  civil. 
authonzE,  to  give  authority. 


Ac,    AL,    ICAL,    AN,    AR,    ARY,    1C,  ID,  ILE,  INE,  ORY,    signify 

of,  pertaining  or  belonging  to ;  as, 


demoniAC,  pertaining  to  a 
demon. 

filiAL,  belonging  to  or  fating 
a  son. 

nautiCAL,  pertaining  to  sail- 
ors. 

meridiAN,  relating  to  the 
noon. 

seculAR,  pertaining  to  the 
world. 


liter  ARY,  belonging  to  litera- 
ture. 

academic,  belonging  to  an 
academy. 

timm,  of  or  belonging  to 
fear. 

pueriLE,  belonging  to  a  boy. 

mariNE,  belonging  to  the 
sea. 


Ous,  OSE,  SOME,  signify  somewhat,  full  of,  abounding ;  as, 


dangerous,  full  of  danger, 
populous,  full  of  people. 


verbosE,  full  of  words. 
gladsoME,  somewhat  glad. 


ISH,  LIKE,  or  LY,  signify  belonging  to  or  resembling ;  as, 


EnglisH,  belonging  to  Eng- 
land. 
saintLiKE,  resembling  a  saint. 


earthLY,  resembling  earth. 
heavenLY,  resembling  heav- 
en. 


DOM  signifies  the  place  where,  or  the  state  or  condition  in 
which ;  as,  kingDOM,  the  place  where  the  king  reigns ;  free- 
DOM,  state  of  being  free. 

HOOD,  or  HEAD,  signifies  the  state  of;  as,  mannooD,  state 
of  a  man. 

9* 


102  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

LESS  denotes  privation;  as,  joyLESs,  without  joy ;  care- 
LESS,  without  care. 

RICK  denotes  rule  or  jurisdiction ;  as,  bishopmc  (K),  the 
jurisdiction  of  a  bishop. 

SHIP  signifies  office,  state,  or  condition;  as,  rectorsnir, 
<?$ce  of  rector;  copartnersnip,  the  state  of  having  equal 
shares. 

WARD,  or  WARDS,  signifies  direction  of;  as,  westwARD-,  in 
the  direction  of  the  west ;  heavenwARD,  in  the  direction  of 
heaven. 

Y  signifies  abounding  in,  full  of,  consisting  of;  as,  stony, 
abounding  in  stones ;  knotty,  full  of  knots ;  earthy,  consist' 
ing  of  earth. 


INSEPARABLE    ROOTS. 


The  greater  number  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  roots  of  the 
English  language  is  found  only  in  composition. 

The  changes  which  roots  that  are  found  only  in  compo- 
sition undergo,  cannot  easily  be  reduced  to  general  rules ;  but 
the  following  lists  will  sufficiently  illustrate  their  nature  •  — 

LATIN  ROOTS,  FOUND  ONLY  IN  COMPOSITION 

A. 

Root  and  Meaning.        Representative.  Example. 

Acris,  sharp,  acr,  fyc.,          acrid,  acrimony  eager 

/Edes,  a  house,  cd,  edify,  edifice. 

/Equus,  equal,  equ,  iqu,  equator,  equity,  iniquity, 

equanimity,  e^wilibri- 
um. 


THF     IPELLINO-BOOK 


103 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Aer,  aeris,  air, 

/Evum,  an  age, 
Ager,  agri,  a  field, 
Agger,  a  heap, 
Ago,    I    do,   actus, 

done, 

Ala,  a  wing, 
Altus,  high, 
Amicus,  a  friend, 

Amo,  I  love,  ) 
Amor,  love,  j 
Anima,  life,  ) 
Animus,  mind,  ) 
Annus,  a  year, 

Aqua,  water, 

Arceo,  I  drive  away, 
(erceo  when  com- 
pounded,) 

Aro,  I  plough, 

Ars,  artis,  arf,trade, 

Artus,  the  joints, 

Asper,  rough, 

Audio,  I  hear ;  au- 
ditus,  heard, 

Augeo,  I  increase ; 
auctus,increased, 

Avis,  a  bird, 


Beatus,  blessed, 
Bellum,  war, 
Bell  us,  beautiful 


Representative. 
aer, 

ev, 


agger, 
ag,  act, 

al, 

alt,  Sfc. 
amic,  imic, 

ami, 
am,  amor, 

tfC., 

anim, 
ann,  enn, 

aqu,  Sfc., 
ere. 


ar, 

art,  ert, 
art, 
asper, 
and,    audit, 

ed, 
aug,  auct, 

auth, 
av,  au, 

B. 

beat, 
bell,  bel, 
,  be.au. 


Exampta. 

aerial,    aeriform,   aero 
nan*. 

coeval,  longevity. 
agriculture,  pilgrim. 
exa^crate. 

,  a^ile,  actor 


aliped. 

aftitude,  exalt,  haughty. 

amicable,  inimical,  ami- 

ty, enmity. 

(  amiable,    amour,    amor- 
\      ous,  amateur. 

{animal,  animate,   unan- 
imous, am'wadvert. 
annals,    annual,    super- 

annuate, biennial. 
aquatic,  aqueduct,  eaves. 


arable,  ear  (verb), earth, 
artful,  artisan,  inert. 
article,  articulate. 
asperity,  exasperate, 
audience, audible,  audii^ 

auditory,  obedient. 
«w^ment,    auction,    ar*- 

thor. 
aviary,  awspices. 


beatitude,  beatify, 
belhgerent,  rebel, 
embellish,  beauty. 


101 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


Boot  and  Meaning. 
Bene,  well, 
Bibo,  1  drink, 
Bini,  two  by  two, 
Bis,  twice, 
Brevis,  short,  brief, 


Cado,  I  fall ;  casus, 
fallen,  (changed 
into  cido  when 
compounded,) 

Csedo,  I  cut;  caesus, 
cut,  (changed  in- 
to cido  and  cl- 
sus,  when  com- 
pounded,) 

Calor,  heat, 

Cando,  (changed 
into  cendo  when 
compounded,)  I 
set  on  fire;  cen- 
sus, inflamed, 

Canis,  a  dog, 

Cano,  canto,  I  sing, 
chant, 

Capillus,  hair, 

Capio,  I  take  ;  cap- 
tus,  taken,  (cipio 
and  ceptus  when 
compounded,) 

Caput,  capitis,  the 
head, 


Representative. 
bent, 
bib, 
bin, 


brev, 


Example. 

benediction,  bemgn. 
bibber,  imbibe, 
binary,  combination 
bigamy,  biped, 
brevity,    abbreviate,    a- 
bridge. 


c. 


cad,  cast  cid,     cadaverous,    cadence, 
case,  casual,  acciWent, 
coinczWe. 

cid,  cie,  decide,  homicide,  deris- 

ion, precise. 


cal9  color,          caldron,  calid,  caloric, 
cand,    cend,       candle,    chandelier,    in- 
cens,  cent,          candescence,  incendi- 
ary,  incense,  incentive. 


can,  fyc.,  canine,  lcenne\. 

cant,  cent,  canticle,  recant,  chant- 

fyc.,  ry,  precentor. 

capill,  fyc.,  capillary,  dishevelled, 

cap,  capt,  dp,  capable,  capture,  antict 

cept,  ceive,  pate,  recipient,  rec/p 
tion,  deceive. 

capit,   cipit,      capital, precipitate, cape, 
cap,     dp  captain,  predpice, 

4*c.,  chapter,   chieftain* 

chef-d'muvrt. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


105 


Root  and  Meaning. 

Career,  a  prison, 

Caro,  curnis,  flesh, 

Cams,  dear, 

Cavus,  hollow, 

Cede,  I  give  place, 
Jgo;  cessus,  giv- 
en place  to, 

Celer,  swift, 

Centum,  a  hundred, 
cent, 

Cerno,  I  see,  I  sift ; 
cretus,  sifted, 

Cete,  whales, 

Cinctus,  girt  about, 

Cito,  I  call,  I  sum- 
mon, 

Clamo,  I  cry  out, 

Clarus,  clear, 

Claudo,  I  shut ; 
clausus,  shut, 
(changed  into 
cludo  and  clusus 
when*  compound- 
ed,) 

Clino,  I  bend, 

Clivus,  a  slope, 

Ccelum,  heaven, 

Colo,  I  cultivate , 
cultus, cultivated, 

Comes,  comitis,  a 
companion, 

Cop  la,  plenty, 

Coquo,  I  boil ;  coo 
ms,  boiled, 


Representative.  Example 

career,  incarcerate, 

earn,  carnivorous,  incarnate  . 

car,  char,  cher,  caress,  charity,  cherish, 
cav,  cavity,  concave, 

ced,  ceed,  cess,  recede,  succeed,  conces- 
sion, access. 


celer, 
cent, 


celerity,  accelerate, 
cewfury,  centennial. 


cern,      cret,  discern,secre£ion,decree, 

cree,  creet,          discreet, 

cet,  cetaceous,  spermaceti. 

cinct,  cincture,  succinct,   pre- 

cincts. 

cit,  cite,  elation,  recital. 

clam,  claim,  exclamation,  proclaim, 

clar,  clarify,  declare, 

claus,   clud,  clause,    close,   exclude, 
clus,  4*c.,  seclusion. 


din,  den,  recline,  declension 

cliv,  declivitj. 

eel,  ceil,  celestial,  ceiTing. 

col,  cult)  <$*c.,  colony,  culture,  coulter. 

comit,  concomitant,  count. 

county. 

cop,  copious. 

cook,   coct>  cook,  decoction,  biscvit 
c.  kitchen. 


106 


THK    SPELLING-BOOK. 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Cor,    cordis,   the 

heart  or  core, 
Cornu,  a  horn,   a 

corn, 
pus,      corporis, 

the  body,  a  corps 

or  corpse, 
Cras,  to-morrow, 
Credo,  I  trust,  be- 
lieve, 

Cremo,  T  burn, 
Crux,     crucis,    a 

cross, 
Cubo,     I     lie,     or 

couch,      (cumbo, 

when  compound- 

ed,) 
Culpa,  a  fault ;  cul- 

po,  I    find    fault 

with, 

Cura,  care,  cure, 
Curro,  I  run, 
Cursus,  a  running, 


Representative.  Example. 

cord,  concord,  cordial. 


corn. 


cornucopia,  corny,  nm- 

com. 

corpus,  corpor,  corpuscle,  incorporate 
6fc.  corpulent,  cuerpo. 

eras,  procrastinate. 

cred,  creed,  credit,  crafulous, 

credible. 

crew,  incremation. 

crwc,  cr«s,  crucifix,  crucify,  cruise, 
cros,  crusade,  crosier. 

cub,  cumb,  cubit,  incubation,  in- 
cumbent, succumb, 
couchant. 

culp,  culpable,  culprit. 


cur,  curator,  sinecure. 

cur,  curr,cour,    incur,  curricle,  succour. 

curs,  cours,        excursion,  intercourse. 


D. 


Datus,    given,    (di-     dot,  dit, 
tus,  when    com- 
pounded,) 

Decor,       decoris,       decor, 
grace,  beauty, 

Dens,     dentis,     a      dent, 
tooth, 

•  lei,  a  god,        del,  dieu, 

Dexter,  right-hand-     dexter, 
ed,  clever, 


date,   dative, 
edit. 


decorous,  decoration. 
dentist,  dentifrice. 

deity,  deify,  adieu. 
dexterity,  dexterous 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK 


J07 


Root  and  Meaning.  Representative. 

^  Dico,  I  say;  dictus,  diet, 

said, 

Dies,  day,  di, 

Dignus,  worthy,  dign, 

Diurnus,  daily,  diurn,  journ, 

Doceo,     I     teach ;  doc,  doct, 

doctus,  taught, 

Dolor,  grief,  dol,  dolor, 

DomTnus,  a  master,  domin, 

a  don, 

Domus,  a  house,  a  dom, 

dome, 

Donum,  a  gift,  don, 

Duco,  I  lead  ;  due-  due,  duct, 

tus,  led,  duit, 

Duo,  tioo,  du,  dou, 

Durus,  hard,  dur, 


Example. 
dictate,  predict,  ditto 

dial,  diary,  meridian. 

dignity,  digniiary. 

diurnal,  journal. 

docile,  document,  doctor 
doctrine. 

doleful,   condole,  dolor- 
ous. 

domineer,  dominican. 

domestic,  domicile. 

donation,  donor,  donee, 
induce,   aqueduct,   con- 
duit. 

dual,  duel,  double, 
dure,  Arable,  endure. 


E. 

Ebrius,  drunken,  ebri, 

Edo,  I  eat,  ed, 

Ego,  I,  ego, 

Emo,   I   buy,  take  eem,  empt, 

away  ;    -  emptus, 

bought, 

Exter,        externus,  exter,  extern,      exterior,    external,     ex 

&,c.,  outward,  <^c.,  freme,  extrinsic. 


ebriety,  inc&riate. 

edible. 

egoust. 

redeem,  exemption. 


F. 

Faber,  a  workman,    fabr,  fabric,  fabricate. 

Facilis,  easy,  facil,  facult  facilitate,  faculty,  di 

fcul,  culty. 


108 


THB    SPELLING-BOOK. 


Root  and  Meaning.         Representati  Example. 

Facio,  I  make;  fio,      fact,  feet,       factor,  perfect,  counter- 

I  am  made ;  fao        feit,  Jit,  feit,  surfeit,  benefit, 

tus,  made,  (ficio        Jic,  fy, 

and  fee  tus,  when 

compounded,) 
Fallo,  I  deceive, 


sopori^c,  purify. 


fall, 
Fanum,  a  temple,      fan, 

a.  fane, 

Fari,  to  speak;  fa-      fa>fatt 
tus,  having  spok- 
en, 
Felix,   felicis,   hap-      felic, 

py> 

FemTna,  a  woman,  femin, 

Fero,    I    carry    or  fer,  Sfc, 

bring, 

Ferveo,  I  boil,  ferv,  <$•< 

Fidelis,  faithful,  fidel, 

Fido,  I  trust,  fid, 

Filia,  a  daughter, 

Filius,  a  son, 

Filum,  a  thread,  a      fil, 

file, 
Fingo,  I  feign ;  fie-      fig,  fict, 

tus,  feigned, 
Finis,  an  end,  fin, 

Fiscus,    the    royal      fisc, 

treasury, 

Fissus,  cleft,  fiss, 

Flatus,    a   puff   of      fiat, 

wind, 
Flecto,  I  bend ;  flex-      fiect,  fiex, 

us,  bent, 


in/a//ible,  /<z//acious. 
fanatic,  profane,  profa- 
nation, 
ineffable,  fate,  fatal. 


felicity. 

feminine,  eifctninacy. 
ferry,  infer,  circumfer- 
ence, bier,  fertile. 
fervid,      effervescence, 


fidelity,  infidel, 
confide,  diffidence 

filial,  a££/iate. 
filament,  filter. 

figment,  figure,  fiction, 


find,  finish,  finite, 
nite,  deyfwitive. 
,  con/foe  ate. 


ile,  Assure. 
ule 

reflect, 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


109 


float,  fluctuate, 
fluent,  fluid,  refluz 


federal,  confederate, 
perforate. 


5,  fortune, 
fort,  fortitude,  fortify, 
fosse, 
fossil. 


Root  and  Meaning.  Representative.                     Example. 

Fligo,  I  dash;  flic-  flict,                   conflict,  affliction. 

tus,  dashed, 

Flos,  floris,  a  flower,  flor,  flour,         florist,  floral,  flourish. 

Fliicttis,  a  wave,  fluct, 

Fluo,  I  flow;  flux-  flu,  flux, 

us,   a  flowing,  a 
flux, 

Fcedus,    federis,   a  fcder, 

treaty, 

Foro,    I     bore    or  for, 

pierce, 

Fors,  fortis,  chance,  fort, 

Fortis,  strong,  fort, 

Fossa,  a  ditch,  foss, 

Fossus,  dug,  foss, 

Frango,    I    break ;  frog,  fract,      fragment,  fracture,  in- 

fractus,    broken,  fring,                 fringe,    fragile    or 

(fringo         when  frail. 

compounded,) 

Frater,  a  brother,  frater,  fratr,    fraternal,  fratricide. 

Frigeo,  I  am  cold,  frig,                  frigid,  refrigeration- 

Fructus,  fruit,  fruct,                 fructify. 

Fruor,  I  enjoy,  fru,                    fruition. 

Fugio,  I  flee ;  fugi-  fug,  fugit,       fugitive,  refuge 

turn,  to  flee, 

Fulgeo,  I  shine,  fulgy                   refulgent. 

Fulmen,    fulmmis,  fulmin,              fulminate. 

lightning, 

Fundo,  I  pour  out,  fund,  found,     refund,  confound,  fus- 

meltjfusc ;  fusus,  fus,                     ible,  infuse. 

poured  out, 

G. 

Greiu,  frost,  gel,  geal,  gc-    gelid,   congeal,    gelttti- 

lat,  jel,  nous,  jelly. 

Gem  tus,  begotten,  gen  gcnit,         progeny,  progenitor. 
10 


110 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


Root  and  Meaning.          Representative  Example 

Gens,  gent  is,  a  na-    gent,  gentile. 

lion, 

(ienu,  a  knee,  guw, 

Gero,  I  carry ;  ges-    ger,  gest, 

tus,  carried, 
Genus,        generis,    gener, 

kind,   kin, 

Glacies,  ice,  gk*c» 

Glomus,     gloineris,     glomer, 

a  clew, 


genu  flection, 
belligerent,  gesture,  di 

generation,  degenerate, 

glacial,  glacier,  glass, 
glomerate,      agglomera- 
tion. 


Gradior,  I  go;  gra-  grad,     gred,     grade,   gradual,    retro- 

dus,  a  step ;  gres-  gress,  gree,          grade,  ingredient, 
sus,  having  gone, 

Gratnon,    graminis,  gramin, 
grass, 

Gravis,  heavy,  grav,  fyc., 


gressiou,  degree, 
graminivorous. 


Grex,      gregis,      a    grcg, 
flock, 


gravity,         aggravate, 

grief,  aggrieve, 
gregarious,  egregious. 


H. 


Haereo,     I     stick ;     Aer,  Acs,  hesit,    adhere,   coAesion,  hesi- 
ha3sus,  stuck,  fate. 

Haeres,  ha?redis,  an     hered,  herit,       hereditary,  inherit 
heir, 

Halo,  I  breathe,          hal,  hel,  exhale,  anAe/ation. 

Haurio,     I     draw;     haust, 
haustus,  drawn, 

Homo,  a  man,  horn,  hum, 

llortor,  I  exhort,         hort, 

ilospes,       hospitis,     hospit,  fyc., 
one    that    enter- 
iains  or  is  enter- 
tained, 

Hostis,  an  enemy,       host, 

Humus,  the  ground,     hum, 


exhaust. 

homicide,  A 
hortatory,  exhort. 
7iospita\)\e,    host    hotel, 
hostelry 


hostile. 

h'/ ruble,  inhnn/e,  poet  Aw 
mous. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  Ill 

I. 

Root  and  Meaning.          Representative.  Example. 

Idem,  the  same,  idcn,  identity. 

Ignis,  fire,  ign,  ignition,  igneous 

Inferus,      infernus,       infer,  infern,  inferior,  infernal. 

below, 

Insula,    an   isle    or       insul,  isol,  insular,   peninsula,   is0- 

island,  /ate. 

Interus,      internus,       inter,  intern,  interior,   internal,    inti- 

intimus,       intra,  intit  mate,  intrinsic. 

intus,  within, 

Iter,  itineris,  a  jour-       Miner,  itinerate,  itinerary. 

ney, 

Iterum,  again,  iter,  Oration. 

Itum,  to  go,  it,  ish,  exit,     circuit,     transif, 

sedition,  perish. 

J. 

Jaceo,  I  lie,  jac,  adjacent. 

Jactus,  thrown  (jec-      ject,  jet,  inject,    conjecture,  jet, 

tus    when    com-  jetty,  jet-d'eau. 

pounded,) 

Janua,  a  gate,  jan,  janitor,  January. 

Jugum,  a  yoke,  jlig>  conjugal,  conjugate. 

Junctus,  joined,  junct,  joint,  juncture,  adjunct,   con- 

junction, jointure. 

Juro,  I  swear,  jur,  jury,  conjure. 

Jus,    juris,     right,      jur,  jurist,  jurisdiction,  ju- 

law,  ridical,  in/wry. 

Jutus,  assisted,  jut,  adjutant,  coadjutor 

Juvenis,  young,  juven,  jun,  juvenile,  junior. 

I. 

Lacer,  torn,  7acer,  lacerate. 

Laedo,  I   hurt ;  lae-       lid,  /is,  collide,  eolfoion. 
BUS,    hurt,    (lido 

and    lisus   when  |UlTIVZIl:-< 

compounded,)  O3T 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK 


Rcol  and  Meaning.  Representative. 

Lapis,     lapldis,     a  lapid. 

stone, 

Latus,  carried,  lot, 

Latus,  wide,  lot, 

Latus,  1  ateris,  a  side,  later, 

Legatus,  an  ambas-  legal, 

sador, 

Lego,   I  bequeath,  kg,  legal, 

I  adduce, 

Lego,    I   gather,  I  kg,lect,lig, 

choose,    I   read;  fyc. 

lectus,  gathered, 

Louis,  gentle,  len, 

Lentus,  gentle,  lent, 

Levis,  light,  lev,  licv,  lief, 

Levo,   I    lighten,  I  kv, 

lift  up, 

Lex,  legis,  a  law,  kg, 

Liber,  a  book,  libr,  libel, 

Liber,  free,  liber,  liver, 

Libra,  a  balance,  libr, 

Licet,  it  is  lawful ;  lie,  licit, 

licitus,  lawful, 

Lignum,  wood,  Kgn, 

Ligo,  I  bind,  lig,  ly,  li, 

Linquo,  I  leave;  re-  linqu,   liqu, 

1  ictus,  left,  liet,  4*c. 

Liqueo,  I  melt,  liqu, 

Lis,  litis,  strife,  lit, 

Litera,  a  kttcr,  liter, 

Locus,  a  place,  lieu,  '  loc,  lieu, 

Longus,  long,  long, 

Loqui,  to  speak,  loqu,  locu. 


Example 
lapi<1\\ry,  dilapidate. 

e/afion,  translate, 
latitude,  dilate, 
lateral,  equilateral, 
legation,  delegate. 

legacy,  allege,  legatee. 

legible,  lecture,  collect, 
diligent,  eligible,  in- 
ielligent,  lesson. 

lenity,  knient. 

relent. 

kvity,  relieve,  relief 

kver,  ekvate. 

legal,  Z^islator. 
library,  libel, 
liberty,  liberal,  deliver, 
libration,  equiZz&rium. 
license,  illicit. 

ligneous,  fignumvita. 
ligament,  oblige,  rely, 

reliance, 
relinquish,       reliquary, 

relic,  relief. 
liquid,  liquefaction, 
litigious,  litigant 
literal,  literature, 
local,  lieutenant, 
longitude,  oblojig. 
loquacity,  colloquial,  ob- 

loquy, 

elocution. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


113 


Root  and  Meaning.  Representative.  Example. 

Ludo,  I  play;  lusus,  lud,  lus,  delude,  ludicrous    delu- 

deceived,  5ion. 

Lumen,  luminis,  lum,  lumin,  illume,  luminary. 

light, 

Luna,  the  moon,  lun,  lunatic,  sublunary. 

Lux,  lucis,  light,  luc,  lucid,  Lucifer. 


Macies,  leanness, 
Macula,  a  spot, 

mole, 
Magnus,  great, 

main, 
Male,  wickedly, 

Mando,  I  bid, 
Mando,  I  chew, 

Maneo,    I     stay ; 

mansus,  stayed, 
Mano,  I  flow, 
Manus,  a  hand, 
Mare,  the  sea, 
Mars,    Martis,    the 

god  of  war, 
Mater,  matris, 

mother, 

Mel,  mellis,  honey, 
Melior,  better, 
Memor,  mindful, 
Mens,    mentis,   the 

mind, 
Mergo,    I    plunge ; 

mersus,  plunged, 


M. 

• 
macul, 

magn, 
male,  mal, 
mand,  mend, 
mand,  mang, 


mans, 

j 


man 


mar, 
mart, 


emaciate,  macerate, 
maculate,  immaculate. 

magnify,  magnitude. 

malevolent,  malice,  mal* 

versation. 
mandate,     command, 

commend, 
mandible,  mange,  man 

ger. 
permanent,  remain, 

manse,  mansion, 
emanate. 

manual,  manipulation, 
marine,  maritime, 
martial. 


mater,  matr     maternal,  matricide 


me//, 
melior, 
memo? , 
ment, 


mellifluous. 
ame/torate. 
memorable. 
mental,  dement  ale. 


merg,  mr:rs,      emerge,  immrrsion. 


114 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


Root  tad'Mcamng. 

Metior,  I  measure; 
mensus,  meas- 
ured, 

Mille,  a  thousand, 

Miror,  I  gaze, 

Miser,  wretched, 

Mitis,  mild, 

Mitto,  1  send;  mis- 
sus, sent, 

Modus,  a  measure, 
a  mood, 

Mola,  a  m«7/stone, 
flour, 

Moles,  a  mass 

Mollis,  soft, 

Moneo,  I  warn ; 
monltus,  warned, 

Mors,  mortis,  death, 

Mos,  moris,  a  man- 
ner, 

Multus,  many, 

Munio,  I  fortify ; 
munltus,fortified, 

Munus,  muneris,  a 
gift,  or  office, 

M  urus,  a  wall, 

Muto,  I  change,  I 
mew, 


Nascor,  I  am  born ; 

natus,  born, 
Navis,  a  ship, 
Necto,  I  tie ;  nexus, 

tied, 
N «•_"•.  !"   Vny, 


Representative.  Example 

met,    mens,       mete,    com/w/isurate. 
meas,  immense, 


mill, 
mir, 
miser, 
mit, 
mit,  miss, 

mis, 
mod, 

mol, 


millennium. 

mirror,  ad//itre,  marvel 

rable. 
mitigate. 
remit,  missionary,  prow* 

tse. 
mode,  modify. 

emolument. 


mol,  molest,  deww/ish. 

moll,  mell,        e;/i0//ient,ww//ify,we//ow 

mon,  monit,       admonish,  monitor. 


mort, 
mort 


mortify,  immort&l. 
moral. 


mult,  multiform,  multitude, 

mun,  munit,  muniment,  munition. 

mun,  muner,  mwnificent,     //////ricipal 
mon,  remunerate,  com?non. 

mur,  mwral,  immwre. 

mut,  mutable,  comww^e. 


N. 

nose,  not, 

nav, 
nect,  nex, 

ny, 


nascent,  native,  natal 

naval,  nauigate. 
connect,  annex. 

negative,  deny. 


THE    SPELLiNO-BOOK. 


115 


Root  and  Meaning. 

Nihil,  nothing, 

Nomen,  nominis,  a 
name, 

Non,  not, 

Norma,  a  rule, 

Novus,  new, 

Nox,  noctis,  night, 

Nubo,  I  marry ; 
nuptus,  married, 

Nudus,  naked, 

Nugae,  trifles, 

Numerus,  a  num- 
ber, 

Nuncio,  I  tell, 

Nutrio,  I  nourish, 


Representative. 
nihil, 
notnin, 

non, 
norm, 
nov, 

nox,  noct, 
nub,  nupt, 

nud, 
nug, 
numer, 


Example. 
annz'AzYate. 
nominal,  denominate* 

noun. 

no/ientity,  nonsense, 
normal,  enormous, 
novice,  innovate, 
equinox,  nocturnal, 
connwoial,  nuptialn. 

nudity,  denude. 

nugatory. 

numeration. 


nunci,nounc,    annwnc/ation,  renownco. 
nutri,  nurtj     nutriment,  nurture. 


Octo,  eight, 

Oculus,  the  eye, 

Oleo,  I  smell, 

Omnis,  all, 

Onus,  oneris,  a  bur- 
den, 

Opto,  I  wish, 

Opus,    operis,    a 
work, 

Orbis,  a  circle, 

Orno,  I  deck, 

Oro,  I  beg ;  oratus 
begged, 

Os,  oris,  the  mouth, 

Os,  ossis,  a  bone, 

Otium,  ease, 

Ovum,  an  egg, 


0. 

oct,  octagon,  octavo, 

ocul,  ogl,  oculist,  ogle. 

ol,  olfactory,  redolent, 

omn,  omnibus,  o?nnipotent. 

oner,  onerous,  exonerate. 

opt,  adopt,  option. 

oper,  ceuvr,  operation,  manozuvre. 

orb,  orb,  orbicular. 

orn,  adorn,  ornament, 

or,  adore,inexorable,  orator, 

or,  oral,  orifice, 

ass,  ossicle,  ossify. 

oti,  otiose,  negotiate, 

ov,  ova\,  oviform. 


116 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


Root  and  Meaning. 

Pactus,  having  bar- 
gained, 

Pando,  I  spread ; 
passus  or  pansus, 
spread, 

Par,  equal,  a  pair, 
^  peer, 

Pareo,  I  appear, 

Pario,  I  produce, 

Paro,  I  prepare,  I 
pare, 

Pasco,  I  feed ;  pas- 
tus,  fed, 

Pater,  patris,  a  fa- 
ther, 

Patior,  I  suffer  ; 
passus,  having 
suffered, 

Pauci,  few, 

Pax,  pacis,  peace, 

Pecco,  I  sin, 

Pectus,  pectoris,  the 
breast, 

Peculium,  property, 

Pecunia,  money, 

Pello,  I  drive  away ; 
pulsus,  driven, 

Pello,  I  name, 

Pendo,  I  hang,  I 
weigh  ;  pensus, 
hung,  weighed, 

Pene,  almost, 

Pea,  pedis,  ihe  foot, 


r. 

Representatiye. 
pact, 

pand,  pass, 
pans, 

par,  peer, 

par,  pear, 
par, 
par,  pair, 

pasc,  past, 

pater,  pair, 

parr, 
pati,  pass, 


pauct, 
pac,  peas, 
pecc, 
pector,  pet, 

pecul, 
pecuni, 
pel,  puts, 

pell,  peal, 
pcnd,  pens, 


pen, 


Example. 
paction,  compact 

expand,  compass  ex- 
panse. 

parity,  compeer. 

apparent,  appear, 
parent,  viviparous, 
reparation,  repair. 

deposcent,    pastor,    re- 

past. 
paternal,  patrimony, 

parricide, 
parent,    passive,    pa5 

sion. 

paucity. 

pacific,  appease, 
impeccable, 
expectorate,  par  ape*. 

peculation,  peculiar 
pecuniary. 

expel,  repulsion. 

i 

appeWation   appeal. 

pendulum,  depend,  sti- 
pend, pensive,  pen- 
sion. 

peninsula. 

pedestal,  biped,  imped* 


THE    SPELLING-BOOR. 


117 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Peto,  I  seek;  petl- 

tus,  sought, 
Pingo  I  paint;  pic- 

tiis,  painted, 
Pisr-.is,  a  Jish, 
Placeo,  I  please, 
Place..  1  appease, 
Plebs,  the  common 

people, 
Plenus,  full, 
Pleo,  I  fill ;  pletus, 

filled, 

Plico,  I  fold,  I  ply, 
Ploro,  I  wail, 
Plumbum,  lead, 
Pono,  I  place ;  posi- 

tus,  placed, 
Popiilus,  the  people, 
Porto,  I  carry, 
Poto,  I  drink, 
Praeda,  prey, 
Pravus,  wicked, 
Precor,  I  pray, 
Prehendo,  I  take ; 

prehensus,  taken, 

Pretium,  a  price, 
Probo,  I  prove, 
Probus,  good, 
Pudens,     pudentis, 

bashful, 
Puer,  a  boy, 
Pugna,  a  fight, 
Puto,  I  lop,  I  think, 
Putris,  rotten, 


Reprcsentatiy*. 
pet,  petit, 

peat, 
paint,  pict, 


pise, 

plac,  plais, 
plac, 
pleb, 

plen, 
ply,  plet, 

plish, 
plic,  ply, 
plor, 

plumb,  plum, 
pon,pos,  posit) 

pound, 
popul, 
port, 
pot, 
preda, 
prav, 
prec, 
prehend,  pre- 

hens,  prise, 

prize, 

preci,»praise, 
prob, 
prob, 
pud,  pudent, 

puer, 
pugn, 
put, 
putr, 


Example. 
petulant,  petition,  cen- 

tripetal,  repeat. 
painter,  picture,  depict, 

pigment. 

piscatory,  piscivorous. 
placid,  complaisant. 
implacable. 
plebeian. 

plenitude,  replenish. 
supply,    complete,    ex- 


complicate,  apply. 
deplore. 

plumber,  plummet. 
depone,    impose,    posi- 

tion, compound. 
popular. 
export,  portable. 
potion. 

predatory,  depredation 
depravity. 
deprecate. 
apprehend,     comprehen- 

sion,   comprise,     ap 

prize. 

jrecious,  appraise. 
provable,  probation. 


repudiate,  impudent. 

puerile. 

pugnacious,  impugn. 
amputate,  reputation, 
putrid,  putrefaction. 


118  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

Q.  - 

Root  and  Meaning.  Representative.                      Example. 

Quzcro,  I  ask,  I  quir,  quest,  inquire,  inquest,  requi- 
get  ;  quaesltus,  quisit,  silion,  query,  son- 
sought,  qucr,  quer. 

Quassus,      shaken,  quass,  cuss,       quash,      conquas nation, 

(cussus        when  discuss,  percussion, 
compounded,) 

Quartus,      fourth  ;  quadr,  quart,     quadrangle,  quarto. 
quatuor,  four, 

ftueror,  I  complain,  quer, 

duinque,          five;  quinqu,  quint, 
quintus,  fifth, 

R. 

Radix,    radlcis,    a  radic,                 radical,  eradicate,  rod 

root,  ish. 

Ramus,  a  branch,  ram,                   ramification. 

Rasus,  scraped,  ras,                    rasor,  erase. 

Rectus,       straight,  recti,                  rectilineal. 

right, 

Rego,  I  rule ;  rec-  reg',  rect,  rig,     regal,  rector,  incorr/gi- 

tus,  ruled,  ble. 

Rete,  a  net,  ret,                     refina,  r^iculate. 

Rideo,  I  laugh  at ;  rid,  ris,              deride,  risible. 

risus,  laughed  at, 

Rigo,  I  water,  rig,             .'      ri^ation,  irrigate. 

Rodo,  I  gnaw;  ro-  rod,  ros,             corrode,  corrosion. 

sus,  gnawed, 

Rota,  a  wheel,  a  rut,  rota,                   rotation,  rowel. 

Rumen,      rummis,  rumin,                ruminate. 

the  throat, 

Ruptus,  broken,  rupt,                  rupture,  eruption* 

Bus,      runs,      the  rws,  rwr,            rustic,  rural. 

country, 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.. 


119 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Sacer,  sacri,  sacred, 

Sal,  salt, 
Salio,Ileap,i  sa%; 

saltus,       leaped, 

(silio  and  sultus 

when  compound- 

ed,) 

Salvus,  safe, 
Sanctus,  \ioly  9saint9 
Satis,  enough, 
Satur,  full, 
Saxum,  a  rock, 
ScMndo,     I    climb, 

(scendo       when 

compounded,) 
Scindo,    I    cleave ; 

scissus,  cleft, 
Scio,  I  know, 
Scribo,     I     write ; 

scriptus,  written 
Scrutor,    I    search 

diligently, 
Scurra,  a  scoffer, 
Seco,  I    cut;    sec- 

tus  cut, 
Sedeo,  I  sit;    ses- 

sus,  sat, 

Semen,       serous  ?s 

seed, 

Semi,  half, 
Senex,  senis,  oi«L 


s. 

Representative.  Example. 

sacer,  sacr,  sacerdotal,     sacrifice, 

seer,  consecrate, 

sa/,  saw,  saZine,  sat/sage. 

sail,  sault,  salient,   assault,  restfe, 
sil,  suit,  insult,  exult. 


salv, 
sanct, 
satis,  sat, 
satur, 
sax, 

scan,  scans, 
scend, 

scind,  sciss, 

sci, 

scrib,  script, 

scrut, 

scurr 
sec1 


scj  sid,  scss, 
szeg, 


scmn 


sem 
sen. 


salvation. 

sanctify. 

satisfy,  satiate. 

saturate. 

saxifrage. 

scan,  scansion,  ascend. 


rescind,  scissors,  resets- 
sory. 

science,  presczence. 

inscribe,  scribble,  scrip- 
tare. 

scrutiny,  insert/fable, 

scwrrility. 

sectarian,  dissect,  seg- 
ment. 

sedentary,  assiduous 
preside,  session,  fcc- 
siege. 

seminary,  disseminate. 

semicircle, 
senate,  senior. 


TH£    SPELLING-BOOK. 

Root  and  Meaning.  Representatire.  Example. 

Sentio,  I  feel;  sen-  sent,  sens,  sentient,  dissent,  sensa 

sus,  felt,  tion. 

Sequor,    I    follow;  sequ,    secut,  sequel,  subsequent,  per 

secutus,     having  sue,  secute,  execute,  pur 

followed,  sue. 

Silva,  a  wood,  silv,  si/ran. 

Similis,  like,  simil,  sembl,  similar,  resemble 

Siinul,  at  the  same  simul,  simultaneous. 

time, 

Simulo,  I  feign,  simul,  sembl,  dissimulation,  dissemble 

Socius,  a   compan-  sod,  social,  society. 

ion, 

Sol,  the  sun,  sol,  solar,  solstice. 

Solor,  I  comfort,  sol,  solace,  console. 

Solus,  alone,  sole,  sol,  solitude,  so/iloquy. 

Solvo,  I  loose;  solu-  solv,      solu,  dissolve,   soluble,    sulu- 

tus,  loosed,  solut,  tion. 

Somnus,  sleep,  somn,  somniferous. 

Sopor,       soporis,  sopor,  soporific. 

sleep, 

Sorbeo,  I  suck  in;  sorb,sorpt.  absorbent,  absorption. 

sorptus,  sucked  in, 

Sors,  sortis,  a  lot,  sort,  assort,  consort. 

Sparsus,        spread,  spars,  spers,  sparse,  disperse 9  asper- 

(spersus       when  sion. 

compounded,) 

Species,     a     form,  sped,  specific. 

species, 

Specio,    I     see,    I  sped,  spect,  specious,     inspect,    ex 

spy ;        spectus,  spise,  spic,  pect,     despise,     de.» 

Been,  picable. 

Specula,   a   watch-  specul,  speculate. 

tower, 

Spero,  I  hope,  sper,  spair,  desperate,  despair 

Spiro,  I  breathe,  spir,  respiration  expir\ 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  121 

Root  and  Meaning.  Representative.                      Example. 

Spondeo,    I    prom-  spond,  spons,  respond,  response,  spon- 

ise ;         sponsus,  spous,                   sor,  espouse. 

promised, 

Stinguo,  I  put  out ;  stingu,  stinct,  extinguish,  extinct, 

stinctus,      extin- 
guished, 

Stipula,     a     straw,  stipul,  stipulate. 

stubble, 

Stirps,  the  trunk  of  stirp,  extirpate,  (ec-stirpate.) 

a  tree,  offspring, 

Sto,  I  stand ;  stans,  stat,      stant,  stature,     distant,     sol- 

standing ;       sta-  stic,  stit,             stice,  solstitial. 

turn,  to  stand, 

Stringo,     1     bind ;  string,  strict,  astringent,  restrict,  con- 

strictus,  bound,  strain,                  strain. 

Struo,   I   pile    up ;  struct,   strue,  structure,  construe,  de- 

structus,piledup,  stroy,                   stroy,  extruct. 

Stultus,  a  fool,  stult,  stultify. 

Suadeo,    I    advise;  suad,  suast  dissuade,  persuasive. 

suasus,  advised, 

Suavis,  sweet,  suav,  suavity. 

Sumo,      I      take ;  swwi,  sumpt,  sumptuous,  asswne,  con- 

sumptus,  taken,  sumption. 

Surgo,  I  rise ;  sur-  '  surg,  surrect^  surge,  insurgent,  re<«r- 

rectus,  risen,  r^ion. 

T. 

Tango,     I    touchy  tang,        tig,  tangent,       contiguous, 

tactus,  touched,  tact,  tag,            contact,  contagion. 

Tardus,  slow,  tard,  tardy,  retard. 

Tego,  I  cover ;  tec-  teg,  tect9  integument,  protect. 
tut»,  covered, 

Tempus,   temporis,  twnpor  tense,  temporal. 

11 


122 


lili:     Si'LLLlNG-BOOK. 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Tendo,   I    stretch; 
tentus,  stretched, 
Teneo,  I  hold  ;  ten- 
tus, held. 
Tennis,  thin, 
Tepeo,  I  am  warm, 
Terra,  the  earth, 
Testis,  a  witness, 
Textus,  woven, 
Tollo,  I  lift  up, 
Tortus,  twisted, 
Traho,     I     draw ; 

tractus,  drawn, 
Tritus,  rubbed, 
Trudo,    I    thrust ; 

trusus,  thrust, 
Tueor,  I  see,  I  pro- 
tect, I  look, 
Turba,  a  crowd,  a 

troop, 
Turpis,  base, 


Representative. 
tend,     tent, 

tens, 
ten,  tain,  tin, 

tent, 
tcnu, 
tcp, 

/err,  ter, 
test, 
text, 
tol, 

tort,  tors, 
trah,  tract, 

trit, 
trud,  trust 

tuit,  tut, 

turbt 

turp, 


Example. 

distend,  tent,  extent,  in- 
tense. 

tenant,  contain,  conti- 
nent, detention. 

tenuity,  attenuate. 

tepid,  tepcfaction. 

terraqueous,  inter. 

testify,  attest 

texture,  context. 

extol. 

tortuous,  extort,  torsion. 

subtrahend,  tractable, 
extract. 

frifuration,  contrite. 

intrude,  obtrusion. 

tuition,  intuitive,  tutor, 

tutelary. 
tar&ulent,  disturb. 

turpitude. 


Uber,  fertile, 
Umbra,  a  shadow, 
Unda,  a  wave, 

Unguo,    I    anoint ; 
unctus,  anointed, 
Unus,  one, 
Urbs,  a  city, 
Ustus,  burnt, 
UtTlis,  useful, 
Uxor,  a  wife, 


u. 

uber, 
umbr, 
und,  ound, 

ungu,  unct, 

oint, 
un,  uni, 
urb, 
ust, 
util, 
uxor, 


uberty,  exuberant, 
umbrageous,  wtfi&r 
ujidulzte,  inundate, 

abound, 
unguent,    unction,    an* 

oint. 

t/nanimous,  uniform.. 
urban,  suburbs. 
combwsfion. 
utility. 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


123 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Vacca,  a  cow, 
Vaco,  I  am  empty ; 
•    vacuus,  empty, 
Vado,  I  go,  I  wade, 
Vagor,  I  wander, 
Valeo,  I  am  strong, 

Vasto,  I  lay  waste, 
Veho,  I  carry ;  vec- 
tus,  carried, 

Venio,  I  come  ; 
ventus,  come, 

Vernus,    of    the 
spring, 

Verto,  I  turn ;  ver- 
sus, turned, 

Verus,  true,  very, 

Vestis,  a  garment, 
a  vest, 

Vetus,  veteris,  old, 

Via,  a  way, 

Video,  I  see ;  visus, 
seen, 

Vigil,  watchful, 

Vinco,  I  conquer, 
I  vanquish;  vio 
tus,  conquered, 

Vita,  life, 

Vivo,  I  live;  vic- 
tum,  to  live, 

Voco,  I  call ;  voca- 
tus,  called, 

Volo,  I  will,  I  wish, 


v. 

Representative, 
vacc. 


vad,  vas, 
vag,  vagr, 
val,  vail, 

vast, 
vect,  veh, 

veigh, 

vey, 
ven,  vent, 

vern, 
vert,  vers, 

vcr, 
vest, 

vcter, 

vi, 

vid,  vis,  fyc. 

vigil, 

vjnc,  vict,  vie, 


vit, 
viv,  vict, 

voc,  voJc,  vo- 

cat,  vow, 
vol, 


Example. 
vaccination. 
vacation,  vacancy,  vacu- 

um, evacwate. 
invade,  invasion. 
vagabond,  vagrant. 
valor,    prevalent,    pre- 

vai7. 

devastation. 
vcc^ive,  invective,   vehi- 

cle, \nveigh,  convey. 

convene,  mvent. 
vernal. 

revert,  divers,  versatile, 

converse. 

verity,  verdict,  aver. 
vestment,  invest. 

veteran. 

obvzate,  obvious. 
provtWe,  visible,  revise. 


invincible,  convince,  vic- 
tory, pervicacious. 

vi^al. 

vivid,  survive,  victuals 

vocable,    revoke,    voca- 

tive, vowel,  voice. 
voluntary,  benevo/ent 


THE    SPFLLING-BOOK. 


Root  and  Meaning.  Representative.                      Example. 

Volo,  I  fly,  vol,  volatile,  fowl. 

Volvo,  I  roll ;  vqju-  volv,   volut,  revolve,  revolution,  vol 

tus,  rolled,  volu,                uhle,  volume. 

Voro,  I  devour,  vort  voracious,  carniuorous. 

jVulgrus,  the  rabble,  vulg,  vulgar,  divulge. 

folk, 

Vulsus,  pulled,  vuls,  convulsion. 


GREEK  ROOTS,  FOUND  ONLY  IN  COMPOSITION. 


Adelpho?,a  brother, 
^Ethlos,  a  combat, 
Agogos,  a  leader, 
Akouo,  I  hear, 
Anthos,  a  flower, 
Anthropos,  a  man, 
Arche,  sovereignty, 
Aristos,  best, 
Arithmos,  number 
Astron,  a  star, 
Atmos,  vapor, 
Autos,  self, 


Bnpto,  I  dip, 
Baros,  weight, 
Biblion,  a  book, 
Bios,  life, 


Cheir,  the  hand, 
Chole,  bile, 


adclph, 

athlet, 

agogu, 

acous, 

anttio, 

anthrop, 

arch, 

arist, 

arithm, 

aster,  astr, 

atm, 

out, 


B. 


bapt, 
bar, 
bibli, 
hi, 


chir, 
chol, 


c. 


Philadelphia. 

athletic. 

demagogue. 

acoustics. 

anthology. 

philanthropy. 

heptarchy,  arcAbishop. 


arithmetic. 
asterisk,  astronomy. 
atmosphere. 
autograph. 


barometer,  barytone. 
Bible,  bibliography. 
amphibious,  6zography 


c/t/rography. 
choleric,  melancholy 


THE     S 


125 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Chronos,  time, 
Chrysos,  gold, 


Representative.  Example 

chron,  chronic,  c/tronometer. 

chryso,  chrysolite. 


Deka,  ten, 
Demos,  the  people, 
Dendron,  a  tree, 

Doxe,   and  dogma, 

an  opinion, 
Dromos,  a  course, 
Drus,  an  oak, 
Dynamis,  power, 


D 

dec, 
dem, 
dendr,  den- 

dron, 
dox,  dogm, 

drom, 
dru,  dry, 
dynam, 


decagon,  decalogue.       > 
epidemic,  democracy, 
dendritic,  rhododendron. 

orthodox,  do^watize. 

hippodrowze,  dromedary 
drwid,  dryad, 
dynamics. 


E. 


Eidos,  a  form, 
Epos,  a  word, 
Eremos,  a  desert, 
Ergon,  work, 
Ethos,  a  custom, 
Eu,  well, 


eid, 
ep, 
erem, 
erg,  urg, 
eth, 
eu,  ev, 


G. 


Gamos,  a  marriage,  gam, 

Gaster,  the  belly,  gastr, 

Ge,  the  earth,  ge, 

Geno,  I  produce,  gen, 

Genos,  kindor  race,  gen, 

Glossa,   glotta,  the  gloss,  glot, 

tongue, 

Gonia,  a  corner,  an  gon, 

angle, 

Gramma,  a  writing,  gram, 
11* 


kaletWoscope. 

epic,  orthoepy. 

eremite,  (hermit.) 

energetic,  metallwr^y. 

epical. 

eulogy,  evangelist 


bigamy. 

gastric,  gastronomy. 

geography,  apogee, 

oxygen,  hydrogen. 

heterp^cweous. 

glossary,  polyglot. 

polygon, 
epigram,  grammar 


126 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


Hoot  and  Meaning.  Representative.  Example. 

Graphe,  a  writing,      graph,  autograph,     hydro£- 

raphy. 
Gyros,  a  circle,    a    gt/r,  gyration. 


H. 


Hagios,  holy,  Aogt, 
Hecaton,a  hundred,     heca, 

Helios,  the  sun,  Ae/t, 

Hemera,  a  day,  hemer, 

Hepta,  seven,  kept, 

Heteros,  dissimilar,  hetero, 

Hex,  six,  hex, 

Hieros,  holy,  hier, 

Hippos,  a  horse,  hipp, 

Hodos,  a  way,  od, 

Homos,  similar,  homo, 

Hydor,  water,  hydr, 

Hygros,  wet,  hygr, 


hecatomb, 
heliacal,  aphelion, 
ephemeral. 

heptagon,  heptarchy, 
heterodox, 
hexagon. 

hierarchy,     hieroglyph- 
ics. 

hippopotamus, 
exodus, 
homologous. 

hydrostatics, hydraulics 
hygrometer. 


Ichthys,  a  fish,  ichthy 

Fsos,  equal,  is, 


ichthyology. 
tsoperimetricai. 


K. 

Kakos,  bad,  cac,  cachectic,  cacophony. 

Kalos,  handsome,  kal,  /:a/eidoscope. 

Kalypto,    I    cover;  calypt,calyps,   apocalyptic, apocalypse. 

kalypso,    I     will 

cover, 

Kephale,  the  head,  cephal,  crpJiafic,  hydrocephalua 

Kosmos,  the  world,  cosm,  cosmetic,  microcosm. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


127 


Hoot  and  Meaning. 
Kratos,  strength, 
Kyklos,     a    circle, 
cycle, 


Laos,  the  people, 
Lithos.  a  stone, 
Logos,  a  word,  de- 
scription, 


Mache,  a  fight, 
Mania,  madness, 
Mechanao,  I  invent, 
Melan,  black, 
Metron,  a  measure, 
Micros,  little, 
Misos,  hatred, 
Monos,  alone, 
Morphe,  shape, 
Mythos,  a  fable, 


Naus,  a  ship, 
Nekros,  dead, 
Neos,  new, 
Nesos,  an  island, 
Nomos,  a  law, 
Nosos,  sickness, 


Representative. 
crac,  crat, 
cycl, 

L. 

lai,  lay, 
lith,  lit, 
^gt  logy,  logu, 


M. 

mack, 

mania, 

mechan, 

melan, 

metr,  meter, 

micr, 

mis, 

mon, 

morph, 

myth, 

N. 

naus,  nautt 
necr, 
ne, 
nesus. 


nos, 


Example. 

aristocracy,  aristocratic. 
cycloid,  epicycle. 


laity,  lay,  layman, 
lithography,  chrysolite. 
/apical,          logomachy, 

chronology,         cata- 

logue. 


nzumacky. 

maniac,  biblioma?ito. 

mechanic. 

melancholy. 

geometry,  thermowefcr. 

microscope. 

misanthrope. 

monarch,  monosyllable. 

metamorphosis. 

mythic,  mythology. 


nausea.,  nautical. 

necromancy. 

neology. 

Peloponnesus. 

astronomy. 

nosology. 


o. 


Oikeo,     I      dwell ;     etc,  och,  ec,  oc,    antosci,    periojci,    paro- 
oikos,  a  house,  c/*ial,    economy,    dio» 

cese. 
Oligos,  little,  few,       olig,  oligarchy. 


128 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


Koot  and  Meaning.  Representative. 

Ophis,  a  serpent,  ophi, 

Optomai,  I  see,  opt, 

Ornis,   ornithos,    a  ornith, 

bird, 

Orthos,  right,  orth, 

Oxys,  acid,  ox,  oxy, 


P. 


Pais,  paidos,  a  boy, 
Pathos,  feeling, 
Pente,  five, 
Petra,    a    stone,    a 

pier, 

Phagein,  to  eat, 
Phaino,  I    show,  I 

appear, 
Phemi,  I  speak, 


Philos,  a  friend, 

* 

Phobeo,  I  terrify, 
Phone,  the  voice, 
Phren,  the  mind, 
Phthongos,  a  sound, 
Physis,  nature, 
Polemos,  war, 
Poleo,  I  sell, 
Polis,  a  city, 

Polys,  many, 
Potamos,  a  river, 
Pous,     podos,    the 
foot, 

:d<>,  I  deceive, 
Pyr,  fir*, 


ped, 
path, 
pent, 
pctr, 


Exampta. 
ophiology. 
optical, 
ornithology. 

orMography. 

oxalic,  oxide,  oxygen. 


pedagogue,  cyclopedia. 
pathetic,  apathy. 
pentagon,  pentecost. 
petralogy,  pctn  faction 


phan,  phcn, 

f<*n> 

phem,  phas, 
phot,  phc*, 
phec, 


phob, 

phon, 

phrcn, 

phthong, 

phys, 

polem, 

pol, 

pal, 


potamus, 
pus,  pod, 

pseudo, 


phantom,    phenomenon, 

fantasy,  fancy. 
blaspheme,       emphasis, 

emphatic,      prophet, 

prophecy. 
philanthropy,     phifobo* 

phy. 

hydrqp/jo&ia. 
phonics,  euphony. 
phrensy,  phrenology. 
diphthong. 
physical. 
polemical. 

bibliopole,  monopoly. 
policy,   polite,    metrqp 

o/is. 

polygon. 
bippopotamus 
polypus,  antipodes. 

pseudo-apostle. 
pyramid,  pyrometer 


THE    SPfiLT, ING-BOOK. 


129 


Root  and  Meaning. 
Sarks,  flesh, 
Situs,  corn,  food, 
Skopeo;  I  see, 
Sophos,  wise, 
Stello,  I  send;  es- 
tola,  I  have  sent 
Strepho,  I  turn, 


Tele,  distant, 
Techne,  art, 
Thapto,  1  bury, 
Hieos.  God, 


s. 

.Representative.  Example. 

sarc,  5«rcophagus,  an  as  art  a. 

sit,  parastte. 

scop,  telescope,  episcopacy. 

soph,  sophist,  philosophy 

stl,  stal,  stol,  apostle,  peristaltic,  epis- 

to/ary. 

streph,  peiistrephic. 

T. 

tel,  telescope. 


tec/in, 
taph, 
the,  thus, 


Tiermos,  warm,  t-hermo, 

TitherrM,    I   put,   J  thesis,  thet, 

suppose;    thes'i  them, 

a  position, 

T  3pos,  a  place,  top, 


z. 


technical. 

epitaph. 

theism,  atheist,  enthusi 

ast. 
thermometer. 


Z>67i,  an  animal,         ro9 


theme,  epithcm. 
topical,  topography. 

zoology,  as0te. 


THF.    SPELLING-BOOK. 


LATIN  WORDS  AND  PHRASES   EXPLAINED. 


Ab  in-i'-tio,  from  the  begin- 
ning. 

A  for-ti-o'-ri,  with  stronger 
reason. 

A  pri-o'-ri,  from  a  prior  rra- 
son ;  from  the  cause  to  the 
effect. 

\  pos-te-ri-o'-ri,  from  a  poste- 
rior reason ;  from  the  effect 
to  the  cause. 

Ad  cap-tan'-dum  vul'-gus,  to 
catch  the  rabble. 

Ad  in-fi-ni'-tum,  to  infinity ; 
without  end. 

Ad  lib'-i-tum,  at  pleasure. 

Ad  ref-e-ren'-dum,  for  further 
consideration. 

Ad  va-lo'-rem,  according  to 
the  value. 

A'-li-as,  otherwise. 

Al'-i-bi,  elsewhere;  proof  of 
having  been  elsewhere. 

AJ'-ma  Ma'-ter,  Benign  Moth- 
er, (the  University.) 

A  men'-sa  et  tho'-ro,  from  bed 
and  board. 

An'-no  Dom'-i-ni,  (A.  D.)  in 
fhe  year  of  our  Lord. 


An'-no   mun'-di,   (A.   M.)    in 

the  year  of  the  world. 
An'-te    me-rid'-i-em,    (A.  M.) 

before  noon. 
Ar-gu-men'-ttrm  bac-u-li'-num, 

argument  of  blous. 
Au'-di  al'-te-ram  par'-tem,  htm 

both  sides. 

B. 

Bo'-na  fi'-de,  in  good  faith. 

C. 

Cac-oe'-thes  scri-ben'-di,  an 
itch  for  writing. 

Ca'-pi-as,  you  may  take,  (a 
law  term.) 

Ca'-put  mor'-tu-um,  the  worth- 
less remains. 

Caet'-e-ris  par'-i-bus,  otner  cir- 
cumstances being  equal. 

Com'-pos  men'-tis,  of  sound 
mind. 

Cor'-nu  co'-pi-ae,  the  horn  of 
plenty. 

Cui  bo'-no  ?  to  what  good  will 
it  tend? 

Cum  priv  i-le'-gi-o,  with  privi- 
lege. 


THE    SPELLING-P.OOK. 


131 


Cur-ren'-te   cal  -a-mo,  with  a 

running  pen. 
Cus'-tos   ro-tu-lo'-rum,    keeper 

of  the  rolls. 

D. 

Da'-ta,  things  granted. 

De  fac'-to,  in  fact. 

De  ju'-re,  in  law. 

De  mor'-tu-is  nil  ni'-si  bo'- 
num;  of  the  dead  say  noth- 
ing except  what  is  good. 

De'-i  gra'-ti-a,  by  the  grace  of 
God. 

De  no'-vo,  anew ;  over  again. 

De'-o  vo-len'-te,  God  willing. 

De-sid-er-a'-tum,  a  thing  de- 
sired. 

De'-sunt  caet'-e-ra,  the  remain- 
der is  wanting. 

Di-vi'-de  et  im'-pe-ra,  divide 
and  govern. 

Dram'-a-tis  per-so'-nse,  the  char- 
acters in  a  play. 

Du-ran'-te  plac^i-to,  during 
pleasure. 

Du-rar^-te  vi'-ta,  during  life. 

E. 

'E-qui-lib'-ri-um,    equality    of 

weight 

Er'-go,  therefore. 
Er-rax-ta,  mistakes  in  printing. 
Es'-to  per-pet/-u-a,  may  it  last 

forever. 
Et    caet'rvra,   (&c.)    and  the 

rest 


Ex'-it,  he  goes  off;  dtjsarture. 
Ex'-e-unt  om'-nes,  they  all  go 

off. 

Ex-em'-pli  gra'-ti-a,  (e.  g.)  for 
example. 

Ex  cath'-e-dra,  from  the  chair. 

Ex-cerpx-ta,  extracts  from  a 
work. 

Ex  con-ces'-so,  from  what  has 
been  conceded. 

Ex  nix-hi-lo  ni'-hil  fit,  from 
nothing  nothing  can  come. 

Ex  of-fi'-ci-o,  officially. 

Ex  parx-te,  on  one  side. 

Ex  tem'-pore,  without  premed- 
itation. 

Ex-u'-vi-ae,  cast  skins  of  ani- 
mals. 

F. 

Fac  sim'-i-le,  an  exact  copy. 
Fe7-lo  de  se,  a  self-murderer 

a  suicide. 
Fi'-at,  let  it  be  done 

G. 

Gra.'-t\s,for  nothing. 

H. 

Hi-a'-tus,  an  opening  or  gap. 
Hu-ma'-num    est   er-ra'-re.  tn 
err  is  human. 

I. 

Ib'-i-dem,  in  the  same  place. 
I'-dem,  the  same. 
Id  est,  (i.  e.)  that  is. 


l'J2 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


IgMiis  fat'  a-us,  WilM-the- 
Wisp. 

fm-pri-ma'-tur,  let  it  be  print- 
ed. 

Im-pri'-mis,  in  thejirst  place. 

fm-promp'-tu,  without  study. 

In  for'-ma  pau'-pe-ris,  as  a 
pauper. 

In  lim'-i-ne,  at  the  outset. 

in  pro'-pri-a  per-so'-na,  tit  per- 
son. 

In  re,  tit  the  matter  or  busi- 
ness of. 

In  sta'-tu  quo,  tit  the  former 
state. 

In'-te-rim,  tit  the  mean  time. 

In-ter-reg'-num,  the  period  be- 
tween two  reigns. 

In  ter-ro'-rem,  as  a  warning. 

In  to'-to,  entirely. 

In  vi'-no  ver'-i-tas,  there  is 
truth  in  wine. 

Ip'-se  dix'-it,  mere  assertion. 

Ip'-so  fac'-to,  by  the  fact  itself. 

I'-tem,  also;  an  article  in  a 
bill  or  account. 


J. 

Ju'-re  di-vi'-no,  by  divine  right. 
Ju'-re   hu-ma'-no,   by    human 
law. 


Lex  tal-i-o'-nis,  the  law  of  re- 
taliation. 

La'-bor  om'-ni-a  vin'-cit,  labor 
overcomes  every  thing. 


Lap'-sus  lin'-guaB,  a  slip  of  the 

tongue. 
Lit'-e-ra  scrip'-ta  ma'-net,  what 

is  written  remains. 
Lo'-cum  te'-nens,  a  substitute 

or  deputy. 
Lo'-cus  si-gilMi,   (L.   S.)   the 

place  of  the  seal. 

M. 

Mag/-na  char;-ta,  (kar'-ta,)  tie 

great  charter. 
Ma'-nes,  departed  spirits. 
Max'-i-mum,  the  greatest. 
Me-men'-to    rao'-ri,    remember 

death. 
Me'-urn  et  tu'-um,  mint,  and 

thine. 

Min'-i-mum,  the  least. 
Mul'-tum  in  par'-vo,  much  in 

little. 

N. 

Nem'-i-ne  con-tra-di-cen;-te, 
(nem.  con.)  none  opposing. 

Ne  plus  ul'-tra,  no  farther; 
the  utmost  point. 

Ne  quid  ni'-mis,  too  much  of 
one  thing  is  good  for  noth- 
ing. 

Ne  su'-tor  ul'-tra  crep'-i-dam, 
the  shoemaker  should  not  go 
beyond  his  last ;  persons 
should  attend  to  their  own 
business. 

NoMens  vo'-lens,  willing  or 
unwilling. 


Till:    &PCLL1NG-BOOK. 


Nou    com'-pos,   out    of   one's 

senses. 
Nos'-ci-tur  ex  so'-ci-is,  one  is 

knoion  by  his  associates. 
No'-ta   be'-rie,   (N.   B.)   mar k 

well  or  attentively. 

O. 

Om'-ni-bus,  for  all. 

O'-nua  pro-ban'-di,  the  burden 
of  proving. 

O-ti-um  cum  dig-ni-ta'-te,  lei- 
sure or  retirement  with  dig- 
nity. 

•p. 

Pas'-sim,  every  where. 
Pen-den'-te    li'-te,    while    the 

suit  is  pending. 
Per  cent.,  (cen'-tum,)  per  hun- 
dred. 
Per    fas    et    ne'-fas,   through 

right  and  wrong. 
Per  sal '-turn,  by  a  leap. 
Per  se,  by  itself. 
Pinx'-it,  painted  it. 
Pos'-se  com-i-ta'-tus,  the  civil 

force  of  the  county. 
Post  me-rid'-i-em,  (P.  M.)  the 

afternoon. 

Pos-tu-la'-ta,  things  required. 
Pri'-ma    fa'-ci-e,    at   the  first 

view. 
Pri'-mum    mob'-i-le,   the  first 

mover ;  the  main  spring. 
Prin-cip'-i-is  ob'-sta,  oppose  the 

beginnings  of  evil. 
12 


Pro   a'-ris  et    fo'-cis,  for  our 

altars  and  firesides. 
Pro  bo'  no  pub'-li-co,  for 

public  good. 
Pro  et  con,  for  and 
Pro  for'-ma,  for  form's  sake. 
Pro  hac  vi'-ce,  for  this  timt. 
Pro  re  na'^ta,  for  the  OCCA 

sion. 
Pro  tem'-po-re,  for  the  time. 

a. 

Quan'-tum  li'-bet,  as  much  as 

is  pleasing. 
Quantum  suf-fi-cit,  as  much 

as  is  sufficient. 
Quid  nunc?    what   now?  —  a 

neiffsmonger. 
Quid  pro  quo,  something  for 

something ;  tit  for  tat. 
Quod     e'-rat     de-mon-stran'- 

dum,  (Q.  E.  D.)  that  which 

was  to  be  proved. 
Quon'-dam,  formerly. 
Quot  hom'-i-nes  tot  sen-ten'- 

tiae,  so  many  ment  so  many 

opinions 

R. 

Ra'-ra  a'-vis,  a  rare  bird;  a 
prodigy. 

Re-qui-es'-cat  in  pa'-ce,  may 
he  rest  in  peace. 

Re  in-fec7-ta,  without  accom- 
plishing the  matter. 

Res'-pi-ce  fV-nem,  look  to  the 
end. 

Re-sur'-gam,/5Aa//n*5e  again. 


131 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 


S. 

Scii  -i-cet,  (sc.)  to  wit. 

Sci'  re  fa'-ci-as,  cause  it  to  be 

known. 
Sem'-per   i'-dem,   always    the 

sortie. 
Scm'-per     pa-ra'-tus,     always 

prepared. 

Se-ri-a'-tim,  tit  regular  order. 
Si'-lent  le'-ges   in'-ter  ar'-ma, 

laws  are  silent  in  the  midst 

of  arms. 
Si'-ne  di'-e,  without  fixing  a 

day. 
Si'-ne  qua  non,  without  which 

it  cannot ;  an  indispensable 

condition. 
Sta'-tu    quo,    in   the   state   in 

which  it  was. 

Su'-a  cui'-que  vo-lup'-tas,   ev- 
ery one  has  his  own  pleas- 
ure. 
Suav'-i-ter  in  mo-do,  for'-ti-ter 

in  re,  gentle  in  manner,  but 

Jirm  in  acting. 
Sub-pce'-na,  under  a  penalty. 
Sub  si-len'-ti-o,  in  silence. 
Su'-i  gen'-e-ris,  the  only  one  of 

the  kind;  singular. 
Su'-um  cui'-que,  let  every  one 

have  his  own. 
Sum7-mum  bo'-num,  the  chief 

good. 

T. 

Tie'-di-um  vi'-tie,  weariness  of 
life;  ennui. 


Tab'-u-la  ra'-sa,  a  smooth  tab- 
le f ;  a  mere  blank. 

Tem'-po-ra  jnu-tan  tur,  times 
are  changed. 

Tri'-a  junc'-ta  in  u'-no,  t/irtc 
joined  in  one. 

To'-ti-es  quo'-ti-es,  as  often  as 

U. 

Ul'-ti-mus,  (ult.)  the  last. 
IP-na  vo;-ce,  with  one  voice. 
U'-ti-le  dul'-ci,  the  useful  with 
the  agreeable. 

V. 

Vac'-u-um,  an  empty  space. 
W-de  me'-cum,  come  with  me ; 

a  companion. 
Vie  vic'-tis  !  alas  for  the  vati" 

quished! 
Ve-ni-en'-ti  oc-cur'-ri-te  mor'- 

bo,  meet  the  disease  in  tht 

beginning. 

Ver-ba'-tim,  word  for  word. 
Verx-sus,  against. 
W-a,  by  the  way  of. 
Vi'-ce  ver'-sa,  the  reverse. 
Vi'-de,  see ;  refer  to. 
Vi  et  arx-mis,  by  main  force. 
Vis    in-er'-ti-se,    the  force    of 

property  of  inanimate  matter 
Vi'-va  vo'-ce,  orally ;  by  wora 

of  mouth. 

Viz.,  (vi-del'-i-cet,)  to  wit. 
Vox  et  prae-ter-e'-a  ni'-hil .  voice 

(or  sound)  and  not  king  more. 
Vi'-vat  re-gi  -na  !  lung  lice  tht 

queen  ! 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


FRRNCH   AND   OTHER   FOREIGN    WORDS 
AND    PHRASES    IN   COMMON    USE. 


A. 

Aide-de-camp,  (aid-deh-cong'.) 

A  -la-mode,  (ah-la-mode',)  in 
the  fashion. 

Amateur,  (ahm-at-ehr',)  a  vir- 
tuoso. 

Antique,  (an-teek',)  ancient; 
old  fashioned. 

Apropos,  (ap-ro-po',)  to  the 
purpose ;  by-thc-by. 

B. 

Bagatelle,  (ba-ga-tel',)  a  trifle. 

Beau,  (bo,)  a  gayly  dressed 
person ;  an  admirer. 

Beau  monde,  (bo  mond,)  the 
gay  or  fashiojiable  world. 

Beaux  esprits,  (boz-es-pree',) 
men  of  int. 

Belle,  (bel  ,)  a  fine  or  fashion- 
able lady. 

Belles  lettres,  (bell-lettr',)  po- 
lite literature. 

Billet  doux,  (bil-le-doo',)  a 
love-letter. 

#on  mot,  (bohu-mo',)  a  smart 
vr  willy  saying. 


Bon  ton,  (bohn-tong'',)  in  high 

fashion. 
Bon  jour,  (bohn-zhur,)  good 

day,  or  good  morning. 
Bon  vivant,  (bohn-veev'-ahn,) 

a  high  liver ;  a  choice  spirit. 
Boudoir,  (boo-dwaur',)  a  small 

closet ,  or  private  room. 
Bravura   (-vooy-ra,)    [Italian,] 

a  song  of  difficult  execution  ; 

difficult,  brilliant. 
Bulletin,    (booi-le-taang7,)    an 

official  account  of  news. 
Bureau,  (bu-ro',)  an  office-desk. 

C. 

Canaille,  the  rabble. 

Caoutchouc,  (coo'-chook,)  In- 
dia rubber. 

Cap-a-pie,  (cap-ah-pee',)  from 
head  to  foot. 

Carte  blanche,  (cart-blansh,) 
one's  own  terms. 

Champetie,  (shahn-paytr',)  ru- 
ral. 

Chaperon,  (shap'-er-ong,)  a 
gentleman  who  pratcct$  or 


.OUK. 


waits  on  a  lady  in  a  public 
assembly,  ^properly,  a  kind 
of  hood  or  cap  worn  by  a 
faigkt.) 

it  an,     (shar'-la-tan,)     a 
quack. 

Chateau,  (shali-to',)  a  castle. 

Chef  d'ceuvre,    (shay-doovr7,) 
a 


Chevaux  de  frise,  (shev'-o-deh 


freez,)  a  ^tihul  ft  > 
Cicerone,     (chee-chai-ro'-ny,) 

[Italian,]    a  guide   or   con- 

ductor, (one  who  oratories 

in  his  descriptions.) 
Ci-devant,  (see-de-vang',)  for- 

merly. 
Clique,   (cleek,)   a  party,  or 


Comme   il    faut,   (com-ee-fo7,) 

as  it  should  be. 
Con     amore,     (con-a-mo7-re,) 

with  love;  gladly. 
Conge     d  'el  ire,     (con-jay-da- 

leer',)  permission  to  elect. 
Connoisseur,    (con-a-sehr,)    a 

skilful  judge. 
Contour,  (con-toor',)  the  out- 

line of  a  figure. 
Conversazione,   (sat'-ze-o-ny,) 

[Italian,]  a  meeting  of  com- 

pany. 

Corps,  (core,)  a  body  oj  men. 
'  £e,    (cor-teje,)    a    train 

of  attt-ndc 

Coup  de  grace,  (coo-deh- 
the  finishing  blow. 
Coup  d«  main,  (ceo-deh- 


mahng  ,)  a  sudden  or  bu/d 

/sr. 
Coup    d'oeil,    (coo-deuhl',)    a 

glance  of  the  eye. 
Coute    qui    coute,    (coot-kot'- 

coot,)  cost  what  if  trill. 


D. 

Debris,  (de-bree7,)  broken  re- 

mains. 
Debut,  (  de-boo7,  ).first  ft; 

ance. 
Dejeuner  a  la  fourchette,  (de- 

zheu-ne-ah-1  ah-foor'-sh 

a    breakfast     with    meats, 

fmflls,  4*c.  ;  a  public  br(dk- 

fast. 
Denouement,   (de-noo-mong,) 

the  winding  up. 
Dernier  resort,  (dairn-yair-res- 

sor',)   the  last  shift  or  re- 

source. 
Depot,    (deh-po7,)   a   store   or 

magazine. 
Detour,  (deh-toor7,)   a  circui- 

tous march. 
Devoir,  (dev-waur',)  duty,  re 

spccts. 
Dieu   et  mon  droit,   (Dieu-a 

mohn-<lrwau',)  God  and  my 

right. 
Dishabille,    (dis-ah-beel',)    an 

undress. 

Domicile,  (dom-e-seel  ,)  abode 
Double    entendre,     (doo'-hle- 

on-tong-der,)    donb!<    mean? 

ing. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


137 


Douceur,  (doo-soor',)  a  pres- 
ent or  bribe. 

Da  cap'o,  [Italian,]  over  again, 
(in  music.) 


E. 


Eclaircissement,  (ec-Iair-cis- 
mong,)  an  explanation. 

Eclat,(e-claw',)  splendor;  with 
applause. 

Elite,  (ai-leet',)  chosen;  se- 
lect. 

Eleve,  (el-ave',)  a  pupil. 

Embonpoint,  (ahn-bon-pwawn', 
in  good  condition. 

Encore,  (arm-core7,)  again. 

En  masse,  (an  masse,)  in  a 
mass  or  body. 

En  passant,  (an-pas'-sang,)  in 
passing;  by-the-by. 

Ennui,  (an'-wee,)  wearisome- 
ness. 

Entre  nous,  (antr  noo,)  be- 
tween ourselves. 

Entree,  (an-tray',)  entrance. 

Envelope,  (ahn-v'lope',)  a  cov- 
er for  a  letter. 

Epaulette,  (ep-o-let',)  a  shoul- 
der knot. 

Esprit  de  corps,  (es-pree'-de- 
corps,)  the  spirit  of  the  body 
or  party. 

Estafette,  (es-tah-fet',)  an  ex- 
press. 

Etiquette,  (et-e-ket',)  ceremo- 
ny. 

13* 


F. 

Fa$ade,  (fah-sahd',)  front  of 

a  building. 
Faux    pas,    (fo-pah,)    a  false 

step;  misconduct. 
Fete,  (fate,)  a  feast  or  festival. 
Feu  de  joie,  (feu-deh-zhwaw',) 

a  discharge  of  Jircarms  at 

a  rejoicing. 
Fille   de    chambre,     (feel-de- 

sham-br7,)  a  chamber  maid. 
Finale,  (fee-nahMe,)  [It.,]  thi 

end,  the  close. 
Fracas,    (frah-cah',)  a  squab- 

ble. 

G. 

Gendarmes,  (jang-darm;,)  sol- 
diers ;  police. 
Gout,  (goo,)  taste. 

H. 

Hauteur,   (ho-tehr',)  haughti- 
ness. 

Honi  soit  qui  mal  y  pense,  (ho- 
nee-swaw-kee-mahl-e-pahns,) 
evil  to  him  that  evil  thinks. 

Hors  de  combat, (hor-de-kohn'- 
bah.)  disabled. 

I. 

[ch  dien,  (ik-deen,)  I  serve. 
Incognito,  incog;  in  disguise. 
[n  petto,  in  the  breast  or  mind 
in  reserve. 


13S 


J. 


THE     SPELLING-BOOK. 

Nonpareil,  (nohn-par-el',)  with- 


Je  ne  sais  quoi,  (je-ne-say 
kwaw,)  I  know  not  what. 

Jeu  d'esprit,  (zheu-des-pree7,] 
vlay  of  wit ;  a  witticism. 

Jeu  de  mots,  (zheu-de-mo7,) 
play  upon  words. 


Levee,    (lev'-ay,)    a    morning 

visit. 
Liqueur,    (le-quehr,)    a    cor- 


dial. 


M. 


Maitre  d'hotel,  (maytr-do-tel7,) 

a  hotel  keeper. 
Mai  a  propos,  (mal-ap-ro-po7,) 

out  of  time;  unseasonably, 

or  unbecoming. 
Mauvaise  hoiite,  (mau-vais-hont',) 

false  or  unbecoming  modesty. 
Messieurs,   (mess7-yers,)   gen- 
tlemen; used  as  the  plural 

of  Mr. 
Mignonette,    (min-yonet7,)    a 

sweet-smelling  flower. 

N. 

Naivete,  (nah-eev-tay7,)  ingen- 
uousness ;  simplicity. 

Nom  de  guerre,  (nong-deh- 
gair7,)  an  assumed  name. 

Nonchalance,  (nohn-shah- 
iahnce  )  coolness ;  indiffer- 
ence 


out  an  equal;  matchless. 


O. 

On  dit,  (ohn-dee',)  a  flying 
report. 

Outre,  (oo-tray7,)  ezir aordi na- 
ry ;  eccentric. 


P. 


Parole,  (par-ole',)  word  of 
honor. 

Parterre,  (par-tare7,)  aflower^ 
garden;  level  ground. 

Patois,  (pat-waw7,)  provincial- 
ism. 

Penchant,  (pahn-shahn7,)  a 
leaning  or  inclination. 

Perdu,  (per-doo7,)  lost;  con- 
cealed through  fear. 

Petit  maitre,  (petty-maytr,)  a 
little  master ;  a  fop. 

?rotege,  (pro-t  ay-jay7,)  onethat 
is  patronized  and  protected. 


a. 

lui  vive,  (kee-veev7,)  who  goes 

there  1  on  the  alert. 
lagout,  (rah-goo7,)  a  highly- 

seasoned  dish. 
ilencontre,  (rahn-cohntr,)  an 

unexpected  meeting ;  an  en" 

counter. 
lendezvous,   (rahn-day-voo7,) 

thf.  place  of  meeting. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


139 


Restaurateur,  (le-stor-ah-tehr7,) 
a  tavern  keeper. 

Rouge,  (rooge,)  red  paint. 

Ruse  de  guerre,  (roos-deh- 
gair',)  a  trick  or  stratagem 
of  war. 

S. 

Sang  froid,  (sahn-frwaw,)  cool- 
ness. 

Sans,  (sang,)  without. 

Savant,  (sav-ang,)  a  learned 
man. 

Sobriquet,  (so-bre-kay',)  a 
nickname. 

Soi-disant,  (swaw-dee'-zang,) 
self-styled ;  pretended. 

Soiree,  (swaw'-ray,)  an  eve- 
ning party. 

Souvenir,  (soov-neer',)  remem- 
brance. 

T. 

Tapis,    (tap-ee',)  the    carpet 
"on  the  tapis  "  under  con 
sideration 


Fete  a  tete,  (tait-uh-tait,)  head 


to  head ;  a  private  conversa- 
tion. 

Tirade,  (tee-rad',)  a  long  in- 
vective speech. 

Tour,  (toor,)  a  journey. 

Tout  ensemble,  (too-tahn-sahi> 
bl,)  the  whole. 

U. 

Unique,  (yeu-neek7,)  singular; 
the  only  one  of  the  kind. 

V. 

Valet  de  chambre,  (val-e-deh- 

shambr,)  a  footman. 
Vis-a-vis,  (veez-ah-vee,)  fare 

to  face. 
Vive  la  bagatelle,  (veev-la-bag- 

a-tel',)  success  to  trtflest 
Vive   le    roi,   (veevMer-waw;) 

long  live  the  king. 


1  In  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


LATIN. 

A.  B.  .     Artium  Baccalaureus, .  .  .  Bachelor  of  arts. 

A.  M.  .  .  Artium  Magister, Master  of  arta. 

A.  C.  .  .  AnU  Christum, Before  the  Christian  era. 

A.  D.  .  .  Anno  Domini, In  the  year  of  our  Lord. 

A.  M.  .  .  Anno  Mundi, In  the  year  of  the  world. 

A.  U.  C. .  Ab  Urbe  Condita From  the  building  of  the  city 

B.  D.  .  .  Baccalaureus  Divinitatis, .  Bachelor  of  divinity. 

B.  M.    .  .  Baccalaureus  Medicina,    .  Bachelor  of  medicine. 

C.  Cent  .  Centum, A  hundred. 

D.  D.    .  .  Doctor  Divinitatis,    ....  Doctor  of  divinity. 

e.  g.  ...  Exempli  gratia, For  example. 

Ibid.  .  .  .  Ibidem, In  the  same  place. 

Id.  .  .  .  .  Idem, The  same  (author.) 

L  e.    .  .  .  Id  est, That  is. 

Incog.  .  .  Incognito, Unknown,  concealed. 

J.  II.  S.   .  Jesus  Hominum  Salvator, .  Jesus  the  Savior  of  men. 

LL.  D.  .  .  Legum  Doctor, Doctor  of  laws. 

K  S.  .  .     Locus  Sigilli, The  place  of  the  seal 

Lib.    .  .  .  Liber, Book. 

M.  D.   .  .  Medicinft  Doctor Doctor  of  medicine. 

N.  B. .  .  .  Nbta  Bene, Note  well ;  take  notice. 

Nem.  con.  JVfemine  contradicentt. .  .     No  one  opposing  it 

Per  cent    Per  centum, By  the  hundred. 

P.  M.    .  .  Post  Meridiem, In  the  afternoon. 

Prox.    .  .  Proximo, Next  (month  or  term.) 

PS....  Post  Scriptum,    Postscript  (written  after.* 

Ult    .  .  .  Ultimo, In  the  last  (month.) 

Vid.  .  .  .  Fide,  .          See  thou ;  refer  to. 

Viz.   .  .  .  Fidelicet        To  wit;  namely, 

.  Et  orfero, And  the  rest,  and  so  forth. 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


141 


ENGLISH. 


Acct.      Account. 

Apr.  .  .  April. 

Anon.  .  Anonymous. 

Aug.    .  August. 

B.  A.  .  Bachelor  of  arts. 

Bart.    .  Baronet. 

Bbl.  .  .  Barrel. 

Bp.    .  .  Bishop. 

Capt.       Captain. 

Chap.  .  Chapter. 

Co.    .  .  County  or  Company, 

Col.  .  .  Colonel. 

Cr.    .  .  Creditor. 

Dec.  .  .  December. 

Dr.    .  .  Debtor  or  Doctor. 

Do.  .  .  Ditto ;  the  same. 

E.  .  .  .  East. 
Esq.  .  .  Esquire. 

F.  R.  S.  Fellow  of  the  Royal 

Society. 

F.A.S.  Fellow  of  the  Anti- 
quarian Society. 

F.  S.  A.  Fellow  of  the  Society 
of  Arts. 

Feb.  .  .  February. 

Gent.   .  Gentleman. 

Gen.     .  General. 

Qov.     .  Governor. 

lihd.    .  Hogshead. 

Hon.    .  Honorable. 

Inst.     .  Instant,     present 
month. 

Jan.      .  January. 


Jr. .  . 

Knt.  .  , 
Lat.  . 
Lieut. 
Lon. .  , 
Messrs. 
M.  C.  , 
Mr  .  . 
Mrs..  , 
MS.  .  . 
MSS.  . 
N.  S.  . 
N.  .  .  , 
Nov.  , 
No,  .  , 
O.  S.  . 
8vo.  .  . 
Oct.  .  . 
oz.  .  . 
Pres.  . 
Prof.  . 
4to.  .  . 
Rep.  . 
Rev.  . 
Sec.  .  . 
Sen.  .  . 
S.  .  .  . 
Sept.  . 
St.  .  . 
U.S.  A 

W. 


Junio'r. 

Knight. 

Latitude. 

Lieutenant. 

Longitude. 

Gentlemen. 

Member  of  congresa 

Master,  (Mister.) 

Mistress. 

Manuscript. 

Manuscripts. 

New  style,  (1752.) 

North. 

November. 

Number. 

Old  style. 

Octavo. 

October. 

Ounce. 

President. 

Professor. 

Quarto. 

Representative. 

Reverend. 

Secretary. 

Senior. 

South. 

September. 

Saint. 

United      States     of 

America. 
West. 


I  12  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 


ROMAN    NOTATION. 


The  Romans  counted  up  to  three  by  single  marks,  sup- 
posed to  represent  the  fingers  of  the  hand :  thus,  I.  stood  for 
one;  II.  for  two;  and  III.  for  three. 

A  smaller  figure  placed  to  the  left  of  a  larger  is  meant  to 
be  subtracted  from  it;  thus  IV.  means  I.  (one)  subtracted 
from  V.  (five) ;  that  is,  IV. 

V.  stands  for  five.  It  represents  the  five  fingers  of  the 
hand,  and  was  originally  written  thus  ^,  afterwards,  the 
middle  fingers  were  left  out,  and  the  figure  stood  V. 

A  smaller  figure  placed  to  the  right  of  a  larger  is  meant 
to  be  added  to  it;  thus  VI.,  VII.,  and  VIII.  stand,  respec- 
tively, for  six,  seven,  and  eight ;  that  is,  five  and  one,  five  and 
two,  and  five  and  three. 

IX.  stands  for  nine;  that  is,  I.  (one)  from  X.  (ten.) 

X  stands  for  ten.      It  represents  two  fives  placed   ver- 
tically; thus,  J. 

XI  t  XIL,  XIII.,  eleven,  twelve,  thirteen;  that  is,  ten  and 
one,  ten  and  two,  ten  and  three. 

XIV.,  fourteen;  that  is,  ten  and  (one  from  five)  four. 

XV.,  fifteen ;  that  is,  five  added  to  ten. 

XVI.,  XVII.,  XVIII.,  XIX.,  sixteen,  seventeen,  eighteen, 
nnd  nineteen. 

XX.,  twenty ;  that  is,  two  tens. 

XXL,  XXII.,  &,c.,  twenty-one,  twenty-two,  d:c. 

XXX.,  thirty;  that  is,  three  tens. 

XL.,  forty;  that  is,  ten  from  fifty. 

L.,  fifty.  This  letter  stands  for  fifty,  as  being  the  half  01 
on«  hundred.  The  Romans  expressed  one  hundred  by  C., 


THE    SPELLING-BOOK.  I   1.1 

the  initial  of  Centum,  (the  Latin  for  a  hundred.)  In  many 
manuscripts  the  letter  C  is  found  in  this  form,  £.  A  hori- 
zontal line  drawn  across  it  gives  the  lower  half,  L;  and 
hence  the  application. 

LX  ,  sixty ;  that  is,  fifty  and  ten. 

LXX.,  seventy ;  fifty  and  two  tens. 

LXXX.,  eighty ;  fifty  and  three  tens. 

XC.,  ninety;  that  is,  ten  from  one  hundred. 

C.,  one  hundred,  (Centum.) 

CC.,  two  hundred. 

CCC.,  three  hundred. 

CCCC.,  or  CD.,  four  hundred. 

D.,  five  hundred.  This  letter  stands  in  the  same  relation 
to  a  thousand  that  L  (fifty)  does  to  C  (one  hundred;)  that  is, 
it  lepresents  the  half  of  a  thousand.  The  initial  letter  M, 
of  Mille,  (a  thousand,)  was  used  to  represent  that  number 
An  ancient  form  of  this  letter  is  CO.  A  line  drawn  vertically 
through  this  letter,  leaves,  on  the  right  hand  side,  a  D. ;  and 
hence  its  application. 

DC.,  six  hundred. 

DCC.,  seven  hundred. 

DCCC.,  eight  hundred. 

DCCCC.,  nine  hundred. 

M.,  a  thousand. 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Express  the  following  sums  in  Roman  numerals :  — 
One   thousand    eight   hundred    and    forty-eight.     Twelve 
hundred  and  forty-two.     Six  hundred  and  forty-two.     Eighty- 
four.     Nine  hundred  and  forty-four.     Fourteen  hundred  and 
fifty-three.    Two  hundred  and  nine.    Four  hundred  and  fifty- 
six.     Eighteen  hundred  and  forty-nine.     One  thousand  six 
hundred  and  twelve.    Three  hundred  and  forty-three.    Eleven 
hundred  and  fourteen.     One  thousand  and  sixty-six.     Thir 
teen  thousand  seven  hundred  and  twenty-seven      Ten  thou- 
sand lix  hundred  and  fiftv-four. 


144  THE    SPELLING-BOOK. 

Express  the  following  Roman  in  Arabic  numerals:  —  * 
MDCCX.     DCXXIX.    CCCXL.     MDCCCXL.     CXX. 

DCCXXIV.     CCCXXXIII.      LXXXIV.      XVIII.     VIII. 

XXVII.      XXXIV.     XLIV.      XLVI.      LXV.      LXXV1I. 

LI  I.     CCXCVI.     XIX. 

Put  the  following  Arabic  into  Roman  numerals :  — 
Book  2.      Chapter  8.     Section  9.      Appendix,  No.  21. 
Volume  6.     Part   19.     Chapter  30.     Book  5.     Section   lv>. 
No.  27.  Volume  34.     Part  56.     In   the   year   1703.     The 
year  1153.     The  second  verse  of  Chapter  12. 


RULES    FOR    THE    USE    OF    CAPITAL 
LETTERS. 


,  1.  The  first  letter  of  the  first  word  of  every  sentence,  and 
after  every  full  stop,  should  begin  with  a  capital ;  as,  "  John 
walks. "  "  What  do  you  want  ?  " 

2.  The  first  letter  of  every  line   in  poetry  should  begin 
with  a  capital ;  as, 

"  These  are  thy  works,  Parent  of  Good, 
Almighty  !  thine  this  universal  frame, 
Thus  wondrous  fair !  Thyself  how  wondrous  then  !  ' 

3.  Proper  names  should  begin  with  capitals;  as,  "I  saw 
William  and  Francis."     "  Washington  is  the  capital  of  the 
United  States  of  America.'1 

4.  Qualities  personified  should  begin  with"  capitals;  as, 
"  Hence,  loathed  Melancholy/1 

•  The  Arabic  numeral*  are  1,  2,  3,  4,  6,  6,  7,  8,  9,  0  They  are  so 
called  because  they  were  introduced  from  the  East  if  ito  Europe  by 
the  Arabian*. 


THE     STBLLING-HOOK.  14o 

5.  Every   appellation   of  the    Doity   should   begin    with    a 
capital ,   as,  "  The  Lore?  Jehovah  reigns/' 

6.  The  pronoun  7,  and  the  interjection  O!  should  always 
be  capitals. 

7.  Titles  of  honor  and  respect,  when  followed  by  name?, 
should   be   distinguished   by   capitals;    as,    "The    Governor 
of  Ohio."     When  no  name  follows  a  title,  it  need  not  be 
written    with   a  capital ;    as,   "  The    governor   gpoke   to  the 
president." 

8.  Nouns  denoting  a  religious  sect  should  begin  with  a 
c  ;pital ;    as,   a  Friend,  a  Calvinist,  a  Baptist,  a  Unitarian, 
a  Methodist,  a  Universalist,  an  Episcopalian,  &,c. 

9.  The  principal  words  in  the  titles  of  books  should  begin 
with  capitals ;  as,  Pope's  "  Essay  on  Man." 

EXERCISES    FOR    WRITING. 

Boston  is  the  capital  of  Massachusetts.  Cincinnati  is  on 
the  Ohio.  St.  Louis  is  a  beautiful  and  flourishing  city  on 
the  Mississippi.  When  we  were  at  New  York,  last  June, 
many  vessels  arrived  there  from  England  and  France.  Co- 
lumbus discovered  America.  The  Great  Britain  steamship 
stranded  on  the  coast  of  Ireland.  Put  your  trust  in  God. 
The  Creator  and  Ruler  of  the  world.  The  "Messiah" 
was  written  by  Klopstock,  a  German  poet.  Titus,  the 
Roman  emperor,  who  took  Jerusalem,  was  styled  "  The 
Delight  of  Mankind."  The  Pyrenees  divide  France  from 
Spain.  Virginia  was  settled  in  A.  D.  1607.  Boston  is 
supplied  with  water  from  Lake  Cochituate.  The  Der 
tion  of  Independence  was  written  by  Thomas  Jefferson. 
Great  Britain  comprises  England,  Scotland,  and  Wales 
The  Old  Testament  was  chiefly  written  in  the  Hebrew 
language,  and  the  New  Testament  in  the  Greek. 

10  13 


lit} 


THE     SFf 


POINTS     OR     MARKS     m-!l>     IN     \VIUTINO. 


Semicolon 
>n 
iod 

Interrogation 
Exclamation 


Dash 

Parentliesis 
Brackets 
Caret 


Paragraph 


I  ml  ox 

Section 

Asterisk 

Obelisk 

1'arallH* 

Diaeresis 


II 

07- 
$ 


COMMA  (,  ) 

The  COMMA  if  used  to  mark  o{T  cortain  clauaet  in 
sentences. 

SEMICOLON  (  ;  ) 

The  SEMICOLON  is  used  to  mark  off  those  parts  of  a 
sentence  which  require  to  be  more  distinctly  separated  than 
by  a  comma, 

COLON  (  :  ) 

The  COLON  is  used  to  mark  off  those  parts  of  a  sent-- 
which   require  to  be  more  distinctly   separated   than    by   a 
temicoloii. 

PERIOD  (  .  ) 

The  PERIOD  is  used  at  the  end  of  a  vsentence,  and  shows 
that  its  sense  is  complete.  It  ia  also  used  after  abbreviations 
and  contractions 


'VII  f.     ii'fU.INft-KOHK.  11? 


The  NOTE  op  TNTFRROOATION  is  used  in  asking  a  ques- 
tion. 

APOSTROPHE   (  '  ) 

The  Ai-o.sTiiopuE  denotes  the  omission  of  one  or  more 
letters  ;  as,  lov'd,  loved.  Tt  also  marks  the  possessive  case; 
a*,  a  hoy't  hni. 

EXCLAMATION   (  !  ) 

The  NOTE  OF  EXCLAMATION  is  placed  after  expressions 
of  sudden  emotion  or  strong  feeling. 

DASH  (  —  ) 

The  DASH  is  used  where  the  sentence  is  left  unfinished, 
and  where  there  is  a  sudden  change  of  the  sentiment. 

PARENTHESIS  ((>) 

The  PARENTHESIS  is  used  to  include  something  explana- 
tory or  incidentally  introduced. 


BRACKETS  (  [  ]  ) 

BRACKETS  are  used  for  the  same  purpose  a*  the 
thesis. 

CARET  (  A  ) 

The  CARET  is  used  to  show  that  a  letter  or  word  ha* 
accidentally  omitted  in  writing;  as,  comcnce. 


HYPHEN  (  -  ) 

The  HYPHEN  is  used  to  connect  compound  words,  and  In 
placed  after  a  syllahle  ending  a  line,  to  show  that  the  re- 
mainder of  trm  word  begins  the  next  line 


1  FM1  I.I.  NO  HOOK. 

PARACR  \PII    ill) 

The   P.ARAMiAiMi   i-  :••  driiuie  the  begin- 

ning of  a  new  subject. 

QUOTATION    (  *«  "  ) 

Tlie   QUOTATION    is    used   to   signify   that    the    wonls    so 
Xed  are  taken  from  some  other  author. 


INDEX  ( 

The  INDEX  is  used  to  show  that  special  attention  is  re- 
quired. 

SECTION  (  §  ) 

The  SECTION  is  used  to  mark  the  smaller  divisions  of  a 
discourse. 

ASTERISK,   OR  STAR  (  *  ) 

The  ASTERISK,  or  STAR,  refers  to  something  in  the  margin 
or  at  the  bottom  of  the  page. 

OBELISK  (  f  )  AND   PARALLELS  (  |,  ) 

The  OBELISK  and  PARALLELS  are  used  for  references,  the 

ns  the  asterisk. 

ELLIPSIS  (  *  *  *  ) 

The    ELI.ITSIS    is   used   to  denote  the  omission   of   b< 
letters  or  words;   as,  T****s,  Thomas. 


RKSlS  (  "   ) 

The  DIURESIS,  placed  over  the  latter  of  two  vowels   show* 
that  both  of  them  are  soundefth  Jf,  cooperate. 


TA  .ULL- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


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